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Since 2007, Russia has had a program for material support for families with children, known as “maternity capital.” Today it is legally established that citizens who have given birth to a second child in the family can count on it. The same rule applies when adopting a minor.
Many young parents who have the right to maternity capital have a lot of questions related to the timing of its registration and the possibility of using these funds for their intended purpose. These aspects of the program will be discussed in the article below.
Deadline for receiving maternity capital in 2020
Maternity capital is a form of targeted material support . It should be noted that the right to it arises only once in a lifetime after the second child is born in the family.
Important! At the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation, starting from 2021, maternity capital will also be issued for the birth of the first child.
After the certificate is received, the citizen can no longer count on this form of state support even after the birth of descendants in the future.
As a general rule, as the name of this program suggests, maternity capital is drawn up by the mother of the child. The certificate is personal, so only its owner can dispose of it. However, in some situations, the father also has the right to receive maternity capital.
It is also useful to read: Was there indexation of maternity capital?
This is possible in cases where a woman dies or is deprived of parental rights by a court decision. In addition, the child himself, who has reached the age of majority, can dispose of the certificate, but only on the condition that he was previously left without parents (they died or do not have the opportunity to exercise the rights of their parents), who themselves did not have time to take advantage of the measure of state support.
The issuance of a network certificate occurs exclusively on an application basis . In other words, to receive it, you must contact the Russian Pension Fund. You can draw up the document immediately, but only after the birth of the child. The document is not issued automatically.
Reference! You can apply for the assignment of maternity capital not only directly to the pension fund branch, but also to the multifunctional center.
How much maternity capital can fathers expect?
According to the Ministry of Labor, the amount of maternity capital from January 1, 2021 amounted to 483.8 thousand rubles for the first child and 639.4 thousand rubles for the second. It is planned that by 2022 maternity capital will increase to 503.2 thousand and 665 thousand rubles for the first and second child, respectively.
What can they allow you to spend maternity capital on? More details
When do you need to start issuing a certificate?
The current Russian legislation does not provide for a time limit for registering maternity capital at the birth of a second child. This can be done either immediately after discharge from the hospital or much later. In this regard, there are simply no restrictions for young parents.
Thus, citizens can apply for a certificate at any time convenient for them.
The document itself, in addition to the personal data of its owner, contains information about the amount of maternity capital. At the same time, the MK itself is periodically subject to indexation. In this case, many believe that it is necessary to change the certificate itself after each increase.
In practice this is not the case. Indexation occurs automatically for all persons entitled to maternity capital, including if part of the funds has already been spent previously. Information about the balance of funds can be obtained by ordering a certificate from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation or by going to the personal account of the insured person on the fund’s website.
How to use maternal capital to buy shares in an apartment or a separate room
How to buy a share in an apartment.
The law requires that the purchased housing be isolated, and with shared ownership, property boundaries are not defined. Therefore, the state and banks do not approve of purchasing part of an apartment using maternal capital. Such transactions are difficult to formalize in a way that respects the interests of all participants.
The state will never allow the use of maternity capital money to purchase a share in an apartment that is in common joint ownership. But it may allow transactions in which you buy the “last” shares in the apartment, after which the family becomes the sole owner. For example, you can use maternal capital to buy out the share of your brother, sister or parents. The only condition is that you must draw up a notarized obligation to allocate shares to children if you buy an apartment with a mortgage.
Housing purchased using maternal capital must be an independent living space
How to buy a separate room.
The state will easily allow the purchase of a separate room if there is enough capital for it. For example, rooms in a dormitory that has been converted into private housing.
Occasionally, the state may allow the purchase of an isolated large room with a separate entrance and privatized status. To carry out such a transaction, you need to prove that it improves the living conditions of the family and, above all, the children. For example, if you previously lived in a dilapidated house with 5 relatives, then buying a separate room in grandma’s two-room apartment will obviously improve your conditions.
How long does the review process take?
After a citizen contacts the Pension Fund with the relevant application and documents, its employees review the documents within 15 days, after which they issue a certificate in hand or provide a motivational refusal to do so. It should be noted that previously this period was 30 days.
It is also possible to refuse to provide a certificate . In practice, such cases are extremely rare and are associated, for the most part, with incorrectly executed documents. A citizen has the right to appeal a decision to refuse in court.
Attention! There are no clear deadlines for using funds from maternity capital. The family can use it at any time, at its discretion, for any available purposes.
Is it possible to buy apartments from relatives using maternal capital?
The state does not approve transactions with relatives and checks them especially carefully. If a grandmother sells an apartment to her children, it is difficult for the state to understand: this is a real deal or just a way to cash out capital. However, no one forbids directly buying apartments from close relatives. Only spouses cannot sell an apartment to each other.
If you buy an apartment from relatives with a mortgage, draw up a notarial undertaking regarding the subsequent distribution of shares to your children.
Transfers of funds if you decide to use them for one purpose or another
Maternity capital is a targeted program, which can be used only within the limits established by law.
Thus, citizens can use MK funds in the following areas:
- improving the family's living conditions;
- teaching children;
- acquisition of rehabilitation means for children duly recognized as disabled;
- formation of a pension for the expectant mother.
It’s also useful to read: How many times can you receive maternity capital?
In addition, at the expense of MK funds, low-income families can receive additional cash benefits.
The most popular way to manage funds is to improve living conditions.
In this case, MK can be disposed of after 3 years from the birth of the second child. The exception is situations when housing is purchased with borrowed funds. The same rule applies to the purchase of rehabilitation equipment for children who were previously recognized as disabled.
As a general rule , the period for consideration of the relevant application by the Pension Fund of Russia is 30 days. If the decision is positive, then the funds are paid within 10 days.
It should be noted that in this case we are talking about working days, not calendar days, so the actual period for transferring money can be up to 2 months. In addition, all payments occur through banking institutions, so additional time may be required to complete the relevant transactions.
This rule applies to all cases related to the disposal of maternity capital.
Separately, it should be noted the deadlines for applying to the Pension Fund to receive funds for the education of children. Thus, as a general rule, the exercise of this right is possible when the second child reaches the age of three years. However, it is allowed to pay for the education of not only the second, but also the first child.
A woman can also use MK funds to form a funded pension after the established three-year period from the date of birth of the child. However, this form of targeted allocation of funds is not popular due to the uncertainty of the future fate of the funded pension system in Russia.
Registration at place of residence
— What about registering a child at the place of residence? How is this issue resolved?
— The baby must live with his parents. Accordingly, he must be registered with them at the same address. Well, or at the registration address of the father or mother, if according to the documents they live in different places. The choice of registration must be approached responsibly, since the family will receive support precisely from the region in which it registered its child. Let me remind you that its size can vary greatly depending on a particular subject of the Russian Federation.
These regional maternity capital can be very steep: 100, and even 150 thousand rubles. So you really should take the issue seriously and choose carefully, if possible.
Registration can also be completed on the State Services website, at the MFC or at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. You will need to present: an application, parents’ passports and the child’s birth certificate.
— You said that each region has its own “maternal certificates”, which are issued in addition to the federal one. Let's take an average option - not the capital, but not the province either - the city of St. Petersburg. How is the issue of supporting families resolved there?
— I advise you to go to the website “vremyarozhat.rf” - there is a whole motivator there, in which everything is specifically calculated. Open it, write about your life situation and what kind of child will appear in your family (a lot depends on this) - all the amounts will be sent to you immediately. I think that St. Petersburg is in our “top”.
It was there that the authorities came up with the so-called “children's card”. The city transfers money for it, but you can spend it only in specialized retail chains that sell goods for babies.
By the way, some federal subjects additionally provide fathers and mothers with a kind of “humanitarian aid” for their children, such as free milk formula. As for vitamins, they are prescribed within the framework of territorial state guarantee programs under the compulsory medical insurance policy for both pregnant women and children under three years of age.
FBA "Economy Today" /
Possible risks and reasons for refusing to repay a mortgage
In the last section, we propose to study the risks that exist when using maternity capital.
Risks:
| Receiving a tax deduction | According to the law, you can receive a tax deduction only if the property was purchased with your own money. Payment is not provided for state aid (that is, the deduction will come only from the amount that the buyer paid with his own funds or with the bank’s money. |
| Sale | Difficulties may arise, since each child has a share in the apartment. To sell the share of a minor, it is mandatory to obtain permission from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities. |
| Refinancing | Not all banks will agree to refinance, since as part of this procedure the debt is transferred from one bank to another. In this case, it is necessary to remove the encumbrance and re-issue the contract. In such a situation, children's rights are violated. |
Reasons for refusal of payment may be:
- errors in the completed application;
- parents were deprived of parental rights;
- cancellation of adoption;
- the bank does not meet the requirements of the Pension Fund of Russia.
