With what debt will they not be allowed to go abroad in 2021 and how to find out about the ban on leaving the country?

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Published: 02/03/2020

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- Good afternoon. Tell me, what amount of debt should be in order not to be released abroad? I have a debt amount of 20 thousand rubles. regarding transport tax, will they let me go abroad?

Amount of debt and types of debt
Who imposes the ban and for how long?
Are there exceptions under which you can travel abroad even if there are restrictive measures?
Ways to find out if there is a ban on traveling outside the Russian Federation
Cancellation procedure and deadlines

Amount of debt and types of debt

– In order to encourage debtors to pay debts on time, bailiffs introduced a fairly effective measure: they can limit the debtor’s ability to travel outside the Russian Federation. To prevent citizens from ruining their holiday outside the country, it is worth checking in advance whether there are any restrictions on travel.

The bailiff has the right to impose a travel ban if the debt reaches a certain limit. Restrictions are imposed on both individuals and individual entrepreneurs. The amount of debt for which bailiffs can set travel restrictions depends on the type of debt (based on clause 1 of Article 67 229-FZ “On Enforcement Proceedings”):

A ban on traveling outside the Russian Federation if the amount of debt exceeds 10 thousand rubles is established in relation to debt for the collection of alimony; claims for compensation for damage caused to health; on compensation for damage upon the death of the breadwinner.
With regard to other claims, the amount of debt under enforcement documents must be at least 30 thousand rubles. The amount of debt required for the ban has been increased threefold since October 2017 (previously there was a limit of 10 thousand rubles).

It turns out that with debts to the traffic police, the Federal Tax Service, utility bills, etc. in the amount of more than 30 thousand rubles. They won’t let you leave the Russian Federation, and if you have debt obligations to your ex-wife for alimony, then you’ll have to forget about traveling abroad.

A ban can also be imposed in relation to demands of a non-property nature (these are, for example, demands to vacate residential premises, transfer documents, etc.). Thus, for most debts, the threshold for establishing a ban is 30 thousand rubles.

If you have a debt of up to 30 thousand rubles. the citizen may still not be released. So, the bailiffs introduce a certain period for voluntary payment of the debt, then they need to wait for the expiration of the two-month period and they can lower the limit for introducing restrictive measures. For example, if the tax debt is 11 thousand rubles, and the deadline for its voluntary repayment expired 3 months ago, then they will not be allowed to leave the Russian Federation with such a debt.

In paragraph 48 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court No. 50 of 2015, the court emphasized that in order to make a decision on a travel ban, debt obligations can be added up .
If, for example, a citizen has several small debts for utility bills and tax deductions, but in total they exceed 30 thousand rubles, then a ban may be introduced.

Is it possible to pay a court debt at the airport?

What to do if you find out about the debt right before departure and you are not allowed to go abroad? In this situation, you can pay off your debt right at the airport. There are terminals there that accept payments for court debts.

There is an option to pay debts through your bank using a mobile application. But it is important to take into account that, neither in the first nor in the second case of payment, the debt is repaid immediately.

Unfortunately, you cannot cancel your debt on the first day of payment. Debt repayment data may take 1-10 days to process. Thus, even after paying all court debts, you will not be able to fly abroad on the same day.

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Who imposes the ban and for how long?

A ban on travel for debt can be imposed by bailiffs from the FSSP. Based on Federal Law 229 “On Enforcement Proceedings,” the bailiff makes a decision to restrict the debtor’s travel outside the Russian Federation:

On their own initiative.
According to the claimant.

Based on clause 5 of Art. 15 114-FZ “On the procedure for leaving…” a citizen’s right to travel outside the Russian Federation may be temporarily limited if he evades fulfilling obligations imposed by the court. The final point in this process may be the full fulfillment of obligations by the debtor or the achievement of agreement by both parties, or the cancellation of the FSSP decision through the court.

How to leave the Russian Federation through the countries of the customs union

Having learned the most unpleasant thing, you can only guess how to go abroad with debts. After all, for everyone who wants to leave, not only the fact of leaving is important. This includes making a reservation for the place where a person is going, as well as worrying so that the tour or other expenses made in advance do not burn through.

Debt without a court decision or a decree issued by bailiffs is not a reason for not letting you through at the border. So, for serious obstacles to holidays abroad, there will only be these two points together. Crossing the border through the countries of a friendly union has its own subtleties, which really make it possible, despite debts, to still go to your destination.

Belarus

Traveling abroad with debts in 2021 will be more difficult through Belarus. Flying abroad there, and then to another European country, will become more problematic due to the innovations of February 27, 2021. If before this we could easily fly without checking the presence of debts, now the border service of Belarus has access to data from the border service of the Russian Federation.

The story where you can pay your debts at the airport and then immediately fly off on the necessary flight will no longer be possible. If a person is stopped and not allowed in at the border of Belarus, then he will have to say goodbye to the tour, which has already been paid for.

Lithuania

But how you can successfully travel to Lithuania, and from there to where you need to go, is to find out when the nearest train to the Kaliningrad region is. If your plans do not include paying off your debt, you need to wait a month and then cross the border. The next path is:

Buy 2 tickets to Kaliningrad. Thus, there is no obvious motive to leave the country, because you are traveling within its borders. It will be necessary to leave before reaching Kaliningrad, and in Lithuania itself they no longer check the presence or absence of debts. Two tickets are required for exit from the Russian Federation and internal control in Lithuania.

It is also advisable to take out insurance for yourself while staying in Lithuania; this can be easily done online on the official website of the transport services of this country. Already crossing the border in Lithuania, it is not so important when you should pay off the debt, because at the entrance back to the Russian Federation this is no longer checked.

Kazakhstan

You can also fly away without Russian control by transiting through Kazakhstan. Here you will also need two tickets: one to Petropavlovsk and the second through. The border of the Russian Federation is crossed with a transit ticket, and then you can ask the conductor for a migration card and get off in Petropavlovsk, from where you can then head to your desired destination.

These methods make it possible to fly outside the country conditionally legally, since loopholes in the legislation of the Russian Federation are used to carry them out. If a person doesn’t like such meanderings and risks, but wants to travel with a clear conscience, then the status of your debts can be checked on the website of the Federal Bailiff Service in the “Bureau of Enforcement Proceedings” section.

They may not be allowed to go abroad not only if they have a large debt, for which the court has already issued a ruling. Reasons for stopping you at a control point may also include an invalid passport or incomplete documents for a minor who is accompanied by an adult. There can be a lot of situations.

To minimize possible difficulties, it is better to pay off your debts in advance no later than a month before the expected departure. It’s even better to first check after this whether you have been excluded from the database of people restricted from traveling abroad or not.

Are there exceptions under which you can travel abroad even if there are restrictive measures?

It is important to understand that even the presence of a large amount of debt does not mean an automatic ban on traveling outside the Russian Federation. For example, there is a debt that was not transferred to the bailiffs, or the bailiffs did not consider introducing a ban appropriate. It often happens that citizens with tax debts of 10 thousand rubles. cannot leave the country, and debtors with millions in loan debts have the right to do this at any time. But if collectors contact the bailiffs, then a ban will most likely be imposed (for example, by a creditor bank or an ex-wife).

Also, a ban can be established by mistake when there is no debt, for example, the victim’s namesake has a debt. This decision of the bailiffs must be challenged, but vacation plans will be disrupted.

If a citizen becomes aware of the existence of a debt and the imposed restriction, he can ask the bailiffs for a deferment in the fulfillment of his obligations or for an installment plan. This method will allow a citizen to leave even if he has a debt.

The bailiffs are not obliged to satisfy the debtor's request: they will take into account all the circumstances. You can obtain permission if a citizen is facing an urgent business trip or treatment outside the Russian Federation, but he is currently unable to pay the entire debt.

Does a citizen have the right to pay the debt at the airport and fly away? Until 2021, this method was not feasible, since the travel ban was not lifted immediately after the debt was repaid: it could take 10 days or more. In 2021, citizens can receive a receipt for payment on the spot and pay it at an ATM on the first and second floors of the airport terminal . But you won’t be able to fly away right away: the restriction is lifted no later than the next working day after information on the debt is reflected in the GIS for state and municipal payments. Therefore, in the best possible outcome, the former debtor will be able to fly no later than the next working day. Information can be transferred to the GIS within several days if the bank is not connected to the system.

How much is it

By plane.

Calendar with prices for round-trip flights from Moscow to Minsk:

BlaBlaCar. A ride from Moscow to Minsk costs about 1,000 rubles. one way.

Bus. For example ecolines.net, prices are usually not lenient. Read us often so as not to miss sales in this area. For example, there was a “Sale at Ecolines: tickets from Moscow to Minsk for 320 rubles (autumn).”

You can receive our alerts in the VKontakte community or in the Telegram channel .

Hitch-hiking. Passport checks at the border are usually carried out “by cover”. Maximum - they check that the passport is yours.

Train. Namely, a train to Kaliningrad or the “Nesterovsky train”, to the Nesterov or Chernyshevskoye station.

An interesting thing - a train to Vilnius will cost less than to Minsk, although it will take longer. Technically, this will be a train to Kaliningrad, so there are no problems at the border - you are traveling from Russia to Russia, in transit through Belarus and Lithuania. The side cover is usually around 1500 rubles. Check this out on the website rzd.ru

Read more about the “Nesterov Train” in our article:

Life hack: “Nesterov train” or how to get to Europe cheaply.

Ways to find out if there is a ban on traveling outside the Russian Federation

Prohibitory measures are transmitted in the format of an electronic document by the bailiff to the database of government agencies: customs and border services. The bailiff's order is also sent to the debtor himself without fail at the registration address, but often he does not receive the document.

The debtor can find out about the ban only at the airport, when customs or border control reports the impossibility of traveling abroad. Even during the process of applying for a visa, a citizen may not find out about the existence of a ban, since embassies do not request certificates from the FSSP.

The database with bans on travel outside the Russian Federation is not publicly available. There is only a database accessible to everyone where citizens can check information about debt.

Thus, citizens can only find out about the existence of a debt that was transferred for collection to the FSSP. If the amount of debt exceeds the established limit, then it must be prepaid before traveling abroad to avoid troubles.

Information about the existence of debt is contained in the taxpayer’s personal account or can be clarified through the “Data Bank of Enforcement Proceedings” or through the State Services portal.

To search for debt in the database of enforcement proceedings, it is enough to indicate the region, full name and date of birth. Information about open enforcement proceedings is generated automatically.

Wait, but Lithuania requires a visa.

That's right, to visit Lithuania you need a Schengen visa . This can be any Schengen multiple visa, for which the consulate is not interested in the fact that you are not allowed to travel abroad .

Blacklists

First of all, such lists are often replenished with the following citizens:

Borrowers using the services of banking, financial and credit institutions.
If you have debts for utilities.
Entrepreneurs with tax debts.
Parents who refuse to pay child support according to the law.

At the same time, debtors retain the right to purchase tickets, even to other countries. Problems arise only when checking documentation.

Where to check for debts before traveling

Before blindly crossing the state border, it is better to worry about how to check the presence of debts, their quantity and condition. It is also worth considering that sometimes innocent people who have not taken out any loans and have no utility debts end up in the travel ban database. Is an exception possible for them, you ask. Unfortunately no. All such a person can do is start legal proceedings, but it is already clear that any planned trip is out of the question.

How to remove the restriction on border crossing?

To lift the ban, you first need to pay off the existing debt. After this, the bailiff must issue a ruling to lift the restriction. In this case, the restriction can be lifted in two ways:

By the bailiff of the structural unit of the FSSP within 1 day from the moment information about payment appears in the GIS GMP.
After the driver pays the debt, information about this goes into a single database (GIS GMP). Based on data from this system, the bailiff must lift the ban, i.e. everything happens unnoticed by the driver (automatically).
The bailiff who imposed the restriction on travel, within 1 day from the moment the requirements of the document are fulfilled or other grounds arise for lifting the restriction.
For example, if more than 2 years have passed since the violation, then the statute of limitations has expired. Those. although the driver did not pay the fine, the restriction should still be lifted.

Please note that the restriction should be lifted the next day, but in practice this may take much longer. Therefore, if you need to travel abroad, then debts should be paid off in advance. After this, you must definitely contact the bailiff who imposed the restriction regarding its removal. It makes no sense to contact other employees of the FSSP or other departments, because they cannot lift the ban.

Word of the law

According to the law, a foreign passport with debts cannot be issued. However, obtaining a foreign passport with debts is only possible if the creditor has officially gone to court demanding payment. The loan amount (debt repayment) must be repaid in full , otherwise the person will not be able to leave the country, that is, the international passport will not be useful to him.

When a creditor goes to court with such a claim, he is asked to write a petition in which he asks the court to prohibit the debtor from leaving the country. That is, a person will not be able to use his passport due to debts.

It turns out that a person who has a court ban on leaving the country has no right to assist him in obtaining a foreign passport. In practice, such claims of creditors are almost always satisfied at the preliminary hearing stage. Thus, the chance of obtaining a foreign passport for a person with an outstanding loan is minimal.

However, there are a number of cases when you can still get a passport.

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Flights around the country with debts from bailiffs

The Law on “Enforcement Proceedings”, as a compulsory measure for debt collection, provides for the restriction of the debtor’s rights to fly out of the country. Movement within the country, including by air, cannot be limited. The fact is that the Constitution guarantees every citizen the right to freedom of movement and choice of any place of residence in the country.

Thus, the bailiff cannot prohibit the debtor from flying on an airplane in Russia. The exception is those debtors who are brought to criminal liability for malicious evasion of alimony payments. During the investigation, the accused is given a written undertaking not to leave the city. However, the obligation not to leave the populated area is imposed only with the written consent of the accused. A situation where a debtor is suddenly not allowed on a domestic flight due to an outstanding loan or tax is impossible.

Black list

Citizens are checked against the “black list” by border guards. It is the Border Service employees who check the presence of a ban on flights from Russia according to the list provided by the FSSP. When flying between cities in Russia, there are no border controls, so the debtor should not worry that he will not be allowed on the flight.

Those debtors who have been put on the wanted list and are deliberately avoiding meeting with the bailiff should be wary of flying within Russia. When purchasing a ticket, a security check is triggered, so it is likely that the defaulter will be detained upon boarding.

This you need to know: How to check a ban on traveling abroad - free and online