In Russia, every person must have a registration - temporary or permanent. It plays an important role for citizens. Most often in practice, permanent registration is found (at the place of residence). In any case, both adults and children should have a roof over their heads. Quite often, people ask whether it is possible to register a child without parents in a particular territory. What do experts say on this topic? What documents are generally needed to register a child in housing?
Registration - why is it needed?
First, let’s figure out why a minor needs registration at all. What does it give?
Registration of citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation at the place of stay or permanent residence is an obligation established by the state. By law, all citizens in Russia must have a residence permit. For example, temporary. Most often it is indicated in the documents of foreigners.
If there is no registration, then the citizen is not only a violator of the law, but also loses the opportunity to use government services. In other words, registration allows you to:
- live at the specified address;
- receive services at your place of residence/temporary stay;
- enjoy free medical care;
- arrange benefits and payments;
- participate in state and municipal competitions/programs;
- go to kindergarten/school.
But is it possible to register a child without parents? How quickly do you need to find a place to register a minor?
Design nuances
There are three types of certificates issued by registration authorities:
| Form number | When is it issued? |
| №3 | Temporary stay in an apartment |
| №8 | Permanent residence |
| №9 | Information about all citizens registered in the residential area |
There is a need to obtain a certificate in the event of the birth of a baby or moving to a new place of residence.
The certificate is issued to the mother, father and guardian of the minor. The document can also be issued to an authorized person on the basis of a power of attorney. No adjustments are made to parents' documents. A separate certificate is simply issued confirming that a minor citizen occupies living space legally.
In addition to permanent registration, you will also have to do temporary registration when the family moves for a period of more than three months. You can avoid bureaucratic procedures when the move is carried out in one region. For example, a family is registered in the Moscow region, but moves to the capital. However, if a family with a child moves, then you will still have to register, otherwise you will not be able to get into a school or preschool institution.
Registration of benefits and social benefits is also “tied” to the place of residence.
Grown up children
Can a child be registered without parents? Yes, but only under certain circumstances. The thing is that in Russia, as we have already found out, minors and newborns are required to register with one of their parents. It does not matter to whom exactly the child is registered - the mother or the father. The main thing is that registration is carried out at the place of residence of one of the legal representatives.
But there are exceptions. Is it possible to register a child without parents? Certainly. You just have to wait until his 14th birthday. In the Russian Federation, only children over 14 years of age can be registered separately from their parents. This is a rather rare phenomenon, although it does occur in practice.
Order
What is the procedure for registering a minor child without parents? According to the law, at the age of 14, a citizen begins to have limited legal capacity . The teenager has a passport and can make decisions about his place of residence, but only with the permission of his parents.
A minor cannot independently come to the FMS and write an application to register him according to his place of residence.
This restriction applies until the child reaches adulthood (Article 21 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
The law (Article 61 of the RF IC) gives equal rights to both parents in relation to the child, so any of them can document their consent to the child’s separate registration.
Although in some cases, FMS employees require documents from the mother and father. Such a requirement is absolutely illegal , and you can write a complaint to higher authorities.
To apply for registration, a minor citizen must contact the territorial branch of the FMS or MFC and write an Application for Registration. The following documents must be attached to it:
- Applicant's passport.
- Statement of consent from the owner of the premises. The person registering the child in his apartment must be present at the procedure in person and present a passport. If there are several owners of the premises, the consent and presence of each is required. It is possible to provide a notarized power of attorney instead of personal presence.
- Documents for living space.
- Extract from the house register.
- Written consent of one of the parents. A legal representative must be present at the procedure.
- Departure sheet (issued at the previous place of registration).
- Arrival sheet.
- Certificate stating that the child is not registered with his parents. If they are registered at different addresses, both must provide certificates.
If an extract from the previous address is carried out by registering at a new one, such a document will not be needed . FMS employees will carry out deregistration themselves.
You can find out about the rules and procedure for registering a child or newborn at the place of residence, including depending on the form of ownership of the premises, as well as what the penalties for the absence or late registration of children at the place of residence are on our website.
When registering for a municipal apartment, you will need the consent of all registered people, as well as permission from local authorities.
Such registration will require a change rental agreement and will subsequently give the child the right to participate in the privatization of housing with the allocation of an appropriate share to him.
Find out from our articles about whether a child will be accepted into school or kindergarten without registration, as well as how to deregister a child in order to register him in another apartment.
Owners or not
Is it possible to register a minor child without parents? Temporary or permanent - it doesn't matter. The age of the child plays a major role in resolving the issue. After a minor receives a passport, he can be registered anywhere.
Some are interested: do they play a role in resolving issues with registration of property rights to housing? Can only owners register children with them? Or is this right given to all citizens?
Registration of minors with their parents is carried out without taking into account the ownership rights to the apartment. This means that even residents without shares in the housing can register their children there. The owner's consent to register a minor with his parents is not required.
That is why it is necessary to be attentive to citizens who are registered in a particular place. They can register children with them at any time without the consent of the property owner. And the law will be completely on the side of the parents.
Why can a child’s registration be refused?
If the parents, guardians or custodians of the child violated the registration procedure or did not provide documents in full, FMS employees may refuse to register the child in an apartment without parents. The most common problem with documents is the lack of consent from one of the homeowners.
Also, if they want to register a child in an apartment where no one is registered, the parents will definitely receive a refusal. This is prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
If a child is the owner of an apartment, he can be registered in it without the registration of his parents. To do this, you must obtain permission from the guardianship authorities. If the passport office refuses registration if you have such permission, you can safely file a lawsuit.
As a result, if a child has not reached the age of 14, he cannot be registered in housing where his parents are not registered. If he has reached this age, he must write an application for registration and obtain permission from his parents. The child and one of his parents or guardians must be present during the registration procedure.
If a child owns an apartment, they do not need to obtain permission from their parents. But, with a mortgage on an apartment, it is necessary to study the agreement with the bank. There is a possibility that they will have to obtain approval to register the child in such housing.
Registration period
When should a child be registered? The answer is not that difficult. Fortunately, the legislation of the Russian Federation clearly regulates the length of stay in Russia for citizens without registration.
Residents of the Russian Federation are required to register at a new address within 7 days from the date of discharge from their previous housing. The type of registration does not matter - a person can register temporarily or obtain permanent registration. The main thing is that the citizen (in our case, the child) has a specific place of residence.
Slightly different rules apply to newborns. Primary registration is relevant for them. It can be issued at any time. But the sooner parents register their child, the better. Typically, registration of a newborn is carried out in the first month of his life, after receiving a birth certificate. This way you can avoid many problems.
Is it possible to obtain temporary registration for a child?
Let’s imagine that a family lives in one city, but is registered in another and does not have the opportunity to obtain permanent registration of the child in the near future. In this case, temporary registration at the place of stay will help. The list of basic documents for temporary registration of a child in an apartment will remain the same as for permanent registration, only a certificate of temporary registration of one of the parents will be added to it.
It has already been mentioned that registration (also known as permanent registration) does not provide any special bonuses or advantages to its owners. A temporary certificate is no worse and also provides citizens with the opportunity to use social institutions, receive benefits and payments. It is issued for a period from one month to five years, and upon expiration of the period, the child’s temporary registration in the apartment is simply extended. By the way, it is the owners of the apartments who apply for temporary registration. According to the law, apartments are non-residential premises, so permanent registration in them is impossible. But thanks to this, their cost is significantly lower than that of apartments, and some buyers purchase them for their own residence. Offers on the apartment market and prices can be found in the catalog of new buildings.
City registration VS regional: is there a difference? SPbHomes answers the question: is there a difference between registration in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. We explain what the difference is and whether there are any advantages to city registration.
Foreign citizens
But that is not all. As already mentioned, all citizens in Russia are required to have a residence permit. This rule also applies to foreigners. The difference is that the registration deadlines for them are extended.
Thus, a foreign citizen of any age can stay in the Russian Federation without registration for no more than 90 days. After this, you will either have to leave the country or take care of registration. This restriction applies not only to adults, but also to children.
Why register a child in an apartment?
The question why can be answered simply - because this is required by law. All citizens, young and old, are required to be registered at their place of residence. In addition, registration of a minor child will allow parents to receive social benefits and allowances and register maternity capital. This will also help you get in line for a place in kindergarten, get your child into school, and get a compulsory medical insurance policy.
However, the need to register a child can puzzle and frighten parents who do not understand such issues or do not understand where, for example, to register a child if they do not have their own home. In fact, everything is not as difficult as it might seem. The concept of “registration” in Russia has long been abolished. Today, citizens apply for permanent or temporary registration. Both of them no longer have the same importance as in Soviet times, when they didn’t hire you without a residence permit, so you can fill out the paperwork without any problems. Collecting the necessary documents should also not be difficult.
Where is it prescribed?
It is impossible to register a small child without parents. The exception is cases where a minor has been taken into custody. For example, close relatives. Then they become the legal representatives of the child. And the minor must already be registered with them.
Where to contact regarding registration of citizens? First of all, parents must decide where to register the child - with mom or dad. Next, you need to submit a corresponding request to the authorized body.
Registration in Russia is carried out by:
- Federal Migration Service;
- migration departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;
- passport offices;
- MFC (in some regions).
This is where you will need to submit documents for temporary or permanent registration. Many people prefer to contact the Federal Migration Service and passport offices.
Where to contact
Today you can register at the following government and non-government institutions:
- departments of the migration service at the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (passport office);
- multifunctional centers for providing public services to citizens (MFC);
- housing organization when registering a person in the premises of an apartment building (MC or HOA).
If for one reason or another these authorities refuse, the refusal can be challenged in court.
Thus, citizens have the right to register their children at their own address, as well as in another premises if they are already 14 years old. Any refusal by the authorized body can be appealed in court.
For babies
In general terms, it is already clear whether it is possible to register a child without parents. How to do this will be discussed in more detail. Next, we will consider the algorithm of actions when registering minors both with and without legal representatives. Where to register a child? This is something parents decide among themselves.
Let's start with the simplest procedure - registering children. In order to register a newborn with his parents, you need to bring to the passport office:
- application for registration;
- arrival sheet;
- passports of both parents;
- consent from the child’s second legal representative for registration (certified by a notary);
- certificate of temporary registration of the applicant (if available);
- baby's birth certificate.
This is all. The birth certificate will be taken away for a few days. It will be given back along with a certificate of registration of the minor.
Child registration
What laws govern it?
Registration of the place of residence of a minor separately from his legal representatives is regulated by Order 108 , issued by the FMS on September 20, 2007.
Up to 14 years old
Article 20 of the Civil Code states the following: a child under 14 years of age cannot be registered at an address that differs from where his parents live.
Consequently, it is not possible on legal grounds.
Read about how to discharge a person without his consent here.
After 14 years
The minor has reached the specified age and has become partially capable, which means he can register separately from his parents.
But there are some nuances here too:
- The registration procedure cannot be carried out without the accompaniment of elders (that is, their legal representatives). The rule applies until the age of majority;
- To register, you need the written consent of one of the parents .
Often, passport office workers require such a document from the mother and father at the same time . This is illegal , you have the right to present paper from one of the parents (this is confirmed by Article 61 of the Family Code).
After 14 years
How to register a child with his grandmother without parents? This is possible only after the minor receives a passport. After their 14th birthday, children are allowed to be registered separately from their legal representatives.
In this case, you need to bring to the FMS:
- child's passport;
- arrival and departure sheets;
- ID card of the owner of the property in which the minor is registered;
- consent to registration from all apartment owners;
- permission from parents for registration.
Is it possible to register a grandson or granddaughter in an apartment without parents?
It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question whether a grandmother can register a grandson without parents.
This is influenced by several factors at once:
- age of the person being prescribed;
- who the grandmother is: just a relative or the baby’s guardian.
It is impossible to register children under 14 years of age without a mother, father or legal representative in “someone else’s” living space. A grandmother can accommodate her grandson without parents only if she is his guardian. In other cases, such registration is illegal.
After 14 years of age, a teenager can register himself to live with a relative. The presence and cohabitation of the father or mother is not required.
Re-registration
All of the above situations do not imply the discharge and registration of the child in another apartment. But what if you need to re-register a minor?
You will have to act in the same way. More precisely, first the legal representatives (or the child himself) submit an application for discharge, then for registration at a new address. But this operation is complicated by the need to obtain permission from the guardianship authorities.
This means that before deregistering a minor, you need to submit a corresponding request to the guardianship authorities at the child’s place of permanent or temporary residence. As soon as the authorized body authorizes the operation, it will be possible to register a minor in a particular territory without any problems.
Is it possible to register a child with a grandmother?
The question of registering a child in an apartment without parents, but with a grandmother registered in it, often arises. If one of the parents is also registered in this living space, then the child can be registered in the standard manner established by law. If only the grandmother is registered in the apartment, then there are two ways to register a child in it:
- register the grandmother as the official guardian of the child;
- register one of the parents in the grandmother's apartment.
There are no specific deadlines for registering a minor. But, if such a procedure is delayed, then guardianship officials may once again become interested in the parents.
If the child is not registered anywhere, then the parents will not be able to register him at the clinic, enroll him in kindergarten, and much more.
Documents for foreigners
Is it possible to register a child without parents? Yes, but only if we are talking about a teenager. Small children must be registered with their parents.
What papers are useful for registering a foreign child? Among them are:
- parents’ passports (translated, notarized);
- certificates of registration of legal representatives;
- arrival slip;
- permission from one parent to register the child separately;
- birth certificate;
- migration card of legal representatives.
From all of the above, it follows that the process of registering foreign children in Russia together with their parents is no different from registering citizens of the Russian Federation. The only difference is that the family is required to have a migration card.
Exceptional cases
Is it possible to register a child without parents? As we have already found out, this scenario cannot be excluded. Newborns are registered with their parents, teenagers can live separately from their legal representatives.
But we have not considered all exceptions. The thing is that sometimes the registration of minors is carried out in exactly the same way as the registration of adult citizens. This is possible if:
- the child receives emancipation;
- the minor enters into legal marriage.
That is, when children acquire full legal capacity before the age of 18. Then even parental permission will not be required to implement the idea. But the consent of the owner of the property for registration is required.
Timing, cost and results
Verification of the provided documents and registration of registration is carried out within a period of 3 to 7 days .
The procedure for citizens of the Russian Federation is not subject to state duty . After the procedure, a registration stamp is placed in the passport of a minor from 14 to 18 years of age.
Information about him is entered into the house register.
Find out how to obtain a certificate of registration at the place of residence for a child in Form No. 8, as well as a certificate of place of registration in Form No. 9, on our website.
