Labor exchanges provide intermediary services at the state level to employers and job seekers in job searches. A citizen can count on receiving unemployment benefits provided that he registers with the Employment Center. The registration procedure is simple: you need to have documents with you, know where the territorial division of the Employment Service is located, and come to the reception during working hours. The applicant fills out the application form, submits documents in the original, and registers.
Legislative regulation
In this case, citizens must rely on the following legal acts:
- No. 173-FZ
- No. 400-FZ
The first law describes which time periods are included in the length of service and which are not. The second establishes exactly what time matters from the point of view of each individual citizen.
The time during which the corresponding contributions were paid for the person is automatically taken into account. The rule applies not only to work, but also to the time when it could not be carried out for official serious reasons. Usually these are vacations, loss of ability to work due to illness, and other similar reasons.
If a person is registered with the Employment Center, he is paid an allowance, but there are no contributions. Therefore, such periods are excluded from the calculation of the standard insurance period. But such phenomena are included in normal working periods.
How can the amount of payments affect the size of the pension?
An unemployed citizen registered with the employment center can apply for an increase in his work experience for this period of time only if he was employed or engaged in other activities before and (or) after that (Article 11 No. 173 -FZ). Receiving unemployment benefits does not affect the amount of pension payments.
If a citizen was registered with the employment center and received a cash benefit, then this fact will in no way affect the amount of the pension in the future, since contributions to the pension fund are not deducted from such payments.
Thus, the period of time when an unemployed person is registered with the employment center and receives financial assistance is included in the length of service, but is not reflected in the amount of the future pension. In addition, periods of receiving unemployment benefits are not included in the total length of service, which is used when calculating cash payments related to temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth.
Main types of work experience
According to the standards in force in the Russian Federation, experience can be divided into several types:
- Labor
- General labor
- Insurance
Total length of service is the time during which regular work was carried out. That is, the citizen performed his duties on the basis of an officially concluded Employment Agreement. The time of so-called socially useful activities is also taken into account.
The name of the accumulated insurance experience was given to the period of employment or its other types. Here we are already talking about any time during which contributions were accrued.
Finally, special accumulated experience is the time when work or service took place in particularly difficult, dangerous conditions. Previously, there was continuous accumulated experience, but now this concept has practically been eliminated from everyday life.
When calculating length of service for the status of a labor veteran, the period of registration on the employment exchange is not taken into account.
Is the time registered with the employment service taken into account when retiring?
The concept of work experience can be called generalized, since it is divided into several types:
- general;
- insurance;
- special;
- continuous.
Each of the above types of length of service has its own calculation procedure established at the legislative level. When applying for pension payments, the insurance period is taken into account, which means the total duration of work or other activity. During this entire period of time, insurance contributions to the pension fund must be made in favor of the citizen.
Important! According to Article 11 Part 1 Clause 4 No. 173-FZ of 2001, the period of time when a citizen was registered with the employment center and received benefits, as well as monetary rewards for performing public works for which he was directed by the employment service, is taken into account when calculating his insurance period.
The length of service includes periods when a citizen receives unemployment benefits.
Accounting at the Employment Center: what does it give to the unemployed?
Most citizens only receive benefits from registering on the stock exchange.
Their list is as follows:
- Receiving cash benefits. The amounts depend on the salary received over a specific period of time.
- Assistance in finding a job that matches your professional training.
- Sending to training courses at the expense of the center.
- Awarding a scholarship if the citizen agrees to the proposal.
Experience and time of registration on the exchange
To get an accurate answer to the question of whether the time of registration on the stock exchange is included in the length of service, you need to carefully study the relevant legal and regulatory acts:
- No. 173-FZ - it lists which time periods can be included in the length of service and which cannot.
- No. 400-FZ - it establishes which time periods are included in a person’s length of service.
The time when insurance contributions were made to the Pension Fund for a person is automatically taken into account when calculating the insurance period, which is calculated when calculating the pension!
This includes not only the period of official labor activity, but also the time when an individual could not work for various reasons. We are talking about standard leave, disability caused by illness, and so on.
For a person who is officially registered on the stock exchange and receives a special allowance, cash contributions to pension insurance are not made. Accordingly, the time spent in unemployed status according to the law cannot be included in the calculation of the standard insurance period.
Despite the fact that the time of registration in the center does not officially affect the length of service and does not affect the calculation of standard pension accruals, this period is included in the usual working hours.
Retiring early through the stock exchange
Difficulties with finding a job arise only if the age is very close to retirement. In this case, you can count on a slight increase in the amount of benefits paid. An additional opportunity is to obtain a well-deserved vacation earlier than the standard period.
But there is an important condition here - no more than two years should remain until retirement. The required total work experience is 20 and 25 years for men and women, respectively. If the described conditions are met, you can draw up an application in free written form.
Is it possible to join the labor exchange a year before retirement?
Any citizen who has lost his job has the right to contact the employment service and register as unemployed. And citizens whose age is close to retirement are no exception.
A citizen fired due to staff reduction must contact the employment service within two weeks. After completing the necessary procedures, the citizen is assigned the status of unemployed.
Employment service employees regularly offer vacancies to all citizens, including citizens of pre-retirement age who are registered as unemployed. And only if a citizen of pre-retirement age has been unable to find a job for a long time, does this citizen have the right to apply for early retirement.
How to confirm work experience without a work book?
Dismissal due to reduction and the right to retire early
Upon dismissal, registration at one of the employment centers is a procedure that must begin a maximum of two weeks after changing the terms of the contract. If you are registering for the first time, you will need to collect the following documents:
- Work record book with the corresponding notice of dismissal.
- Documents confirming the level of education obtained. They are needed to check the level of training of a citizen.
- An official certificate describing the average salary level. It helps determine what benefits are paid in a particular case.
- Civil ID to confirm identity.
After studying the information, the citizen will be assigned official unemployed status and begin searching for a suitable vacancy.
Early retirement is an opportunity available to citizens who were unable to find a place that matches their level of training and practical skills. But you must comply with the conditions already mentioned above.
Registration of the retirement itself requires the applicant to perform the following actions:
- Drawing up a special application. It is reviewed by employment service employees, and they make the final decision.
- After receiving the official paper, the citizen is obliged to visit the territorial branch of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.
- Next, they will organize the status registration.
- After receiving a pension, they additionally visit the employment center so that the citizen is deregistered.
What does registration at the labor exchange give to a job seeker?
Registration as an unemployed person with the employment service gives the citizen the right to receive unemployment benefits. The size of this benefit depends on the size of the citizen’s official salary and, in the current year, cannot be less than 1,500 and more than 8,000 rubles per month.
In addition, employees of the employment service will help the citizen find a job, offering various vacancies that correspond to the qualifications of this citizen.
If a citizen’s current qualifications are not enough for employment, this citizen may be sent to improve their qualifications or to learn a new profession. In this case, the training will be carried out at the expense of the employment service, and the citizen will receive a stipend during the training period.
Watch the video. How to join the labor exchange:
Pre-retirees: benefit payment period
6 months in total throughout the year is the standard time during which people of pre-retirement age can count on support from the state. The older the age, the longer the payment time. If there is little time left before going on vacation, benefits can be paid for 12 months over a year and a half.
There are additional categories of citizens who can increase this indicator. Usually these are those who have worked for at least 20-25 years. For each year exceeding the specified length of service, the payment time for such citizens is increased. But over three years, the duration of the transfer of compensation cannot be more than 24 months.
The benefit guarantee does not apply only to the following persons:
- Those who were sent to study, but expelled due to offenses committed by the citizen himself
- If the dismissal occurred for the same reasons
- If you start working after a long break, a year or more
Period and features of receiving cash payments
The time during which a person recognized as unemployed will receive cash payments is determined in Art. 31 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Employment of the Population of the Russian Federation” dated April 19, 1991 No. 1032-1.
The benefit begins to accrue on the same day the citizen is declared unemployed. The law divides the unemployed into several categories, each with its own payment period:
- For people recognized as unemployed, including those who, within 12 months before registering with the employment service, were dismissed from military service due to conscription due to the expiration of its term, and who were in an employment/service relationship for at least 6.5 months before the dismissal . The period of cash payments cannot be more than 6 months in a cumulative period of 12 months.
- For citizens who have not worked before; want to resume work after a long break; who were fired due to the fact that they violated the internal charter of the organization; who were fired for various reasons within 12 months before being declared unemployed, but who worked at their previous job for less than 6.5 months. Also, for those citizens who were declared unemployed, after which they were sent for training from the Employment Center and expelled for improper behavior (for example, absenteeism), the benefit payment period cannot be more than 3 months in total within 12 months.
- Citizens to whom cash payments were stopped due to the fact that they were deregistered by the employment service due to the fact that during the month they did not appear at the Employment Center unreasonably and without good reason; those who tried to obtain benefits through deception and/or false information; those who refused to cooperate with the employment service using a written statement and who were unemployed after being deregistered. The next time they apply and are recognized as unemployed, they will not be able to receive benefits until 12 months have passed from the date of first registration of the person as unemployed.
As a feature of receiving benefits, one can highlight the procedure for receiving cash payments in the event of job loss due to the fact that the employer’s organization has reduced the number of employees.
In case of staff reduction, the employer is obliged to pay the dismissed employee a benefit in the amount of the average monthly salary during the period of employment of the person in a new job, but not more than for 2 months.
At the request of the Employment Center, this period can be increased to 3 months. To do this, a laid-off citizen should contact the employment service within 2 weeks after dismissal.
If a citizen is not employed within 2 months, the Employment Center has the right to demand that the employer pay for another month of searching, as stated in Art. 178 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Also, paragraph 3 of Art. 31 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Employment of the Population in the Russian Federation” dated April 19, 1991 No. 1032-1 states that unemployment benefits will be accrued to such a citizen from the first day after the end of the period of payment of funds from the employer.
To ensure that benefit payment is not interrupted ahead of schedule, you must visit the Employment Center on time. Usually this is 1-2 times a month.
Read about the reasons for receiving unemployment benefits and extending the terms of its payment here.
Receipt of unemployment benefits may differ for pregnant women, orphans, pensioners, persons dismissed at their own request and by agreement of the parties, as well as after maternity leave.
About maximum benefit amounts
The amount largely depends on how much time was worked for a particular citizen who acted as an employer. The main thing is to work at least the minimum time, which is more than 26 weeks or almost 6 months. In this case, the benefit is calculated depending on the average earnings at the last job:
- In the first 3 months, 75% of the specified amount is paid.
- Over the next 4 months, payments will be 60%.
- Other months – 45%.
But there are certain maximum and minimum values established at the legislative level. It is forbidden to go beyond their limits. The maximum amount for pre-retirees in 2021 was 11,280 rubles. Those who have 5 years or more left before retirement can count on 8 thousand rubles.
Features and basic rules for calculating seniority
Work experience is a general concept that includes all periods of professional activity of an individual. In this case, the offset of such periods will only be possible if the employee at that time fulfilled the obligations assigned to him in an official manner. To do this, the employer enters into a written agreement with the subordinate, makes a corresponding entry in the citizen’s work book, and also begins to make cash contributions established by law.
The procedure for calculating the exact amount of length of service is carried out by authorized persons in accordance with the current formulas. A citizen may need information about the exact size of the period in the following cases:
- When determining the size of a future pension. As you know, a citizen may have the right to receive a pension for a variety of reasons. The most common of them, of course, is reaching the age established in the country. In addition, receiving a pension may be determined by other reasons, for example, disability of an individual, etc.
- When determining the exact duration of a citizen’s insurance period. It may be required, for example, when calculating the amount of disability benefits that is due to each employee in the event of a sick leave. Depending on the exact duration of the period of professional activity, a citizen can count on receiving 60-100% of the earnings established by his employment contract.
The procedure for calculating length of service is determined by Article 66 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. It says that the establishment of the exact duration of an individual’s professional activity should be carried out on the basis of the main document, namely the citizen’s work book. It, in accordance with current rules, must properly record all important events in the employee’s working life, including employment, dismissal, transfers to other positions, etc.
However, sometimes in practice you may encounter situations in which calculating length of service based on a work record book will be impossible. As a rule, this is due to the loss of the document or serious damage to its contents. In this case, other documents can be used as materials confirming work experience. These, for example, include previously concluded employment contracts with employers, official extracts from orders on employment or dismissal, archival certificates, copies of orders, etc.
How unemployment benefits affect your pension
In accordance with the established rules, every citizen, if such a need arises, can contact an organization such as the Employment Center. It is a special institution that actively assists citizens in finding a suitable job in a short time. In addition, the powers of this organization also include material support for citizens who, at the time of their registration, do not have a permanent income. This support is expressed in the form of a special cash unemployment benefit.
Many citizens who are officially registered with the Employment Center are concerned about whether the period of stay on this account will be included in the total length of service. Current regulations establish that this time is indeed taken into account, but with some amendments. The fact is that the period for receiving unemployment benefits is limited by current regulations. In most cases it is exactly one year. In addition, a citizen can be removed from the official register early, for example, for violations and failure to comply with established rules.
The exact amount of unemployment benefits is always calculated on an individual basis. The final amount of this payment will depend on the following key indicators:
- From the average earnings of an individual at his last place of work before visiting the Employment Center. The exact amount must be officially confirmed. To do this, the citizen provides a certificate from the last employer to the authorized authority.
- From the maximum and minimum payment amount, which was officially established in a specific region of our country. Regardless of the size of the subordinate’s average earnings, the final amount cannot be less or more than the established thresholds.
Extension of the payment period: under what conditions does it occur?
Typically, early retirement and an increase in the time of transfers are available to citizens who meet the following conditions:
- Availability of relevant experience, age. For example, there should be less time left until retirement.
- Loss of work due to the liquidation of an enterprise or reorganization. In this case, benefits are assigned to those who were unable to find a vacancy.
In this case, benefits may be paid for more than 12 months. The exact numbers depend on how much the existing experience exceeds the current standards.
Separately, you need to draw up an application according to which the pension fund provides a certificate regarding the current insurance period. This is one of the main grounds for calculating benefits in the future. Next, the director of the employment center issues an order confirming the payment of benefits.
The citizen must be familiarized with the order and have him put his personal signature. This confirms the absence of complaints.
Sometimes citizens receive a negative answer, which they have the right to appeal. To do this, they only turn to a higher authority.
The main thing is to carefully check whether the figures indicated by the representative of the labor exchange correspond to reality. If errors are identified, you can submit an application requesting a recalculation of benefits.
What types of experience are there?
Based on the norms of the current legislation of the Russian Federation, it is customary to distinguish the following types of length of service: general length of service, insurance length of service and special work experience.
The total length of service represents the time periods when a citizen worked as an employee or was engaged in other socially useful activities.
An exhaustive list of time periods included in the total length of service is contained in the norms of the Federal Law of December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation.”
Can the labor exchange send you to early retirement?
At pre-retirement age, it is quite difficult to find a job even if you are registered with the employment center. Such citizens are interested in in what cases the labor exchange sends pensions earlier. The law provides for such an early opportunity for the unemployed, but only under certain conditions. The main thing is that the person’s dismissal occurs due to layoff or liquidation.
In such cases, both for women and men, the retirement ages are reduced - 53 and 58 years, and the requirements for work experience are as follows - 20 and 25 years. At the same time, the labor exchange should not have relevant proposals, and citizens themselves are required to provide written consent for pension registration.
Early retirement at the labor exchange due to reduction
After dismissal due to reduction, a person at pre-retirement age must register with the employment center within the established time frame. The exchange requirements include the following official documents:
- passport - to identify a person who wants to register;
- certificate of average earnings - to calculate the amount of benefits;
- work book - to calculate the total length of service and to confirm the fact of dismissal with a corresponding entry.
Further, much depends on the specific service. Its employees can offer work, but if one is not found, and the citizen meets the legal conditions, then an official offer of early retirement will be issued. Such a statement is issued by the authority in response to a statement from the person himself about his consent to become a pensioner early. Then, with the received application, you can go to the Pension Fund office. If the pension authority’s answer is positive, all that remains is to be deregistered from the employment center’s register.
Before reaching the actual retirement age, a person will be deprived of the right to get a job. If he gets a job, the payments will stop. During these two years, the funds will be continuously paid not by the pension fund, but by the labor exchange at the expense of its budget.
Is it possible to join the labor exchange a year before retirement?
There are no major restrictions on who can be included in the employment center database. Therefore, when leaving a job, a person of pre-retirement age needs to register as early as possible.
After the day of dismissal, any person is given exactly two weeks for this procedure. In practice, employees of this service register even those people who have several months left before reaching retirement age. At the same time, these individuals are regularly offered jobs, because the management of the employment service has no desire to make pension payments from their own budget.
Is the time of registration at the labor exchange included in the length of service for a labor veteran?
To register as a veteran, it is important that the citizen has worked in his profession for a long time. Being registered with the Employment Service will not be included in the calculation of total years of service for the purpose of obtaining veteran status. Thus, this time does not interrupt the length of service, but is not included in its number.
The second stage is registration as unemployed
If it was not possible to find a suitable job within 10 days, then on the 11th day the Labor Center makes a decision to recognize the person as unemployed.
Who may not be recognized as unemployed?
In some cases, the employment center may refuse to recognize a person as unemployed. This status may not be given to those who
- within 10 days after submitting documents, without a good reason, you did not come to the employment service to look for a new job (here is a list of documents that confirm the presence of good reasons);
- turned down two suitable job options. And for those who are looking for work for the first time, two refusals to receive vocational training or offered paid work are enough;
- did not come to the employment service on the day when he should have been recognized as unemployed.
If you are denied unemployed status, you can submit documents for re-registration at the employment center in a month.
