“The adopted child destroyed my entire family.” Revelations of women who took children from orphanages and returned them back

Who can become an adoptive parent

According to family law, adoption is carried out with the mandatory participation of representatives of the prosecutor's office and guardianship authorities. The latter are obliged to be guided by the interests of the children, and they are required to make an opinion on the possibility and validity of adoption by specific people. That is why a number of requirements are imposed on adoptive parents:

• Adults. An exception is adoption by persons aged 16 to 18 who are legally married. However, their applications are granted in rare cases. OOiP is important that applicants are morally mature people, and at this age not every person is ready to bear responsibility for the life of a child.
• Availability of housing. The real estate must comply with the established measures in area. It is important that each person has at least 18 sq.m., and that the housing meets sanitary and technical requirements. This will be checked at the initial stage of the application.
• Physical and mental health. When contacting the guardianship authorities, candidates for adoptive parents receive directions to undergo a full medical examination. Adoption by people suffering from drug or alcohol addiction, cancer and other serious diseases, incl. and tuberculosis. Mental health is checked in the offices of two doctors - a psychiatrist and a psychologist. The latter must find out the motives for adoption and determine the psychological readiness to bear responsibility for a small child.
• Age difference. If the adoptive parents are not close relatives of the child, there must be an age difference of at least 16 years between them. This requirement does not apply to relatives.
• Orientation. Adoption by persons of non-traditional orientation is not allowed. For this reason, a positive decision is difficult to obtain for foreign citizens where same-sex marriage is common.
• Absence of an outstanding criminal record, or expunged for serious, moderate and especially serious crimes.
• Having a permanent place of work. Applicants must be officially employed and salary certificates will be required. If they work informally, getting approval is problematic, even when their actual income is quite high. It is important that the level of earnings is at least 1 subsistence minimum for each person, everything is calculated cumulatively.

Expert commentary

Kamensky Yuri

Lawyer

Not only a married couple, but also one person can become adoptive parents. However, guardianship authorities give preference to citizens registered in an official marriage.

Review of orphanages and guardianship authorities in Voronezh and the Voronezh region

In the adoption process, first of all, the ability of the future parents to provide protection to the child is taken into account. It is impossible to adopt adults, and there are not many cases when a childless couple wants to take in an adult child. Mostly people come to orphanages to pick up crumbs. It is possible for both married couples and single people to adopt a baby. The most important thing is to provide the child with everything necessary for his normal existence.

The city's Social Shelter for Children and Adolescents is also involved in the social rehabilitation of minors who find themselves in difficult living conditions. They carry out the following work: - identifying children who need help; — provision of housing for children aged three to eighteen years; — provision of psychological and social assistance; — protection of the rights and interests of children; - medical care, etc.

Grounds for adoption

From a legal point of view, the basis for adoption is the presence of a positive conclusion from the guardianship authorities and a court decision that has entered into legal force. But morality and motives will also be taken into account when considering the application.

What could be the reasons:

• Infertility of a married couple or one of the spouses. In such a situation, many decide to take the child from the orphanage.
• Psychological motives and principles. Some citizens have their own children, but want to adopt a child left without parental care. A psychological factor plays a role here - the desire to take a conscientious objector under the parental wing and provide him with a decent life.

Also among the motives is the desire to raise an heir in the absence of natural children.

What are the main features of the procedure?

The main feature of the adoption process from a maternity hospital is the queue of people wishing to adopt a baby . Even with a package of documents prepared in advance, the chances that the wait will drag on for several months are quite high. Preliminary collection of papers also takes a long time.

The length of stay of a healthy abandoned child in a maternity hospital should not exceed a week.

He is transferred to the Orphanage at the end of seven days. To take a newborn into a family from there, you need to follow a different algorithm.

In addition, Law No. 155 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation requires that the fact of placing a newborn child in a family must be kept secret .

Considering the number of people involved in the procedure, this is not easy to accomplish.

Along with making a decision to place a baby in a new family, you can change the real date of birth and other information of the newborn if this serves the purpose of maintaining secrecy. Next, we will look at how to adopt an infant.

You can change the date of birth of a baby by no more than 120 days.

How to take a child from an infant home: step-by-step instructions

The preparatory stage for adoption begins with the spouses visiting the territorial division of the guardianship authorities to submit the appropriate application.

How it all looks step by step:

1. An application is submitted. In response, the OOiP gives a list of documents that need to be collected. The list is established depending on the situation. It is advisable to submit a complete set of documentation immediately upon your first application.
2. Passing a medical examination. Potential adoptive parents receive directions from the AOiP, which indicate a list of doctors they need to see.
3. Obtaining a medical report and submitting it to the Department of Internal Affairs. When the commission is passed, the final conclusion is submitted to the guardianship authorities.
4. Obtaining a housing inspection report. To do this, the guardianship will agree on a date when a representative of the authority will be able to come to the housing where the child may live after adoption. On this day, the POiP employee examines and evaluates the living conditions. Perhaps, to complete the picture, he will interview neighbors about the personal characteristics of candidates for adoptive parents.
5. Passing the school for adoptive parents. If everything is fine with the health of the spouses and there are no complaints about the housing, you will have to take foster parenting courses. At this time, a psychologist works with citizens and explains aspects of raising adopted children. Based on the results, exams are taken. The duration of the courses is no more than two weeks.
6. Interview with a psychologist. It is usually carried out at the final stages of courses. At the end, a specialist’s conclusion is issued, it is provided to the OUiP, as well as a certificate of completion of the courses.
7. Obtaining information from the register of refuseniks or orphanages. It contains information about each child: age, height, weight, psychological characteristics, diseases. Upon admission to government institutions, each child undergoes a medical examination, and any diseases identified are indicated in the documentation.
8. Sending a request to the baby's home. This is done by the guardianship authorities so that potential adoptive parents can get to know the baby.
9. Meeting children. Citizens are allowed, with the consent of the guardianship and administration of the orphanage, to have contact with children.
10. Receiving an application for adoption from the guardianship authorities. The document will be needed to submit a statement of claim to the court to confirm the readiness of citizens for adoption, if this is established by the OAIP.
11. Filing a claim. It contains information about the child they want to adopt. If the parents want to change his full name, date and place of birth to maintain the secrecy of the adoption, these requirements must be reflected in the claim. The date of birth may be changed within a maximum of three months.
12. Obtaining a court decision. It comes into force within 10 days, but you can ask the court to set the effective date on the day of registration. Immediately after this, the adoptive parents have every right to take the baby into the family.

Expert commentary

Gorchakov Vladimir

Lawyer

The period for consideration of adoption cases in court is 2 months. Representatives of the guardianship authorities and the prosecutor's office participate in the meetings. If biological parents are deprived of their rights to a child, they can only be taken away six months after the deprivation.

Documentation

At different stages, applicants will need the following list of documents:

Important points

Before registering adoption, candidates are advised to study in detail the characteristics of the child and get to know him in order to understand his psychological characteristics. Particular attention should be paid to the list of the baby's diseases - they are indicated in the documents for him, stored in the baby's home.

Important! If a child is adopted but is later found to be suffering from a serious illness, it will not be possible to cancel the adoption. Firstly, the grounds for cancellation are specified in Art. 141 RF IC. Secondly, returning to a government institution can cause psychological trauma to a child if he is more than two years old. Courts and public authorities are called upon to act primarily in the interests of minors.

What support to expect from the state

The state constantly indexes payments for the maintenance of adopted children

Photo - Larisa Buikova
The payment system is designed to help guardians and adoptive parents in raising not only healthy children, but also disabled children, not only toddlers, but also school-age children.

In 2015, adoptive parents received 14 thousand 400 rubles monthly from the regional budget for the maintenance of the child. Such payments continue until the adopted child reaches adulthood. If parents took a child under 10 years old, they were paid a lump sum of 8 thousand 862 rubles. If the child was over 10 years old, or he was a disabled child, or he was taken into the family along with his siblings, the payment was 110 thousand 775 rubles. For rural areas, all these amounts increase by 25%. Guardians could also count on the same lump sum payments under similar conditions.

Monthly support for children under guardianship (trusteeship) and their adoptive parents is organized somewhat differently. Every month in 2015, they paid 6,597 rubles for child support in the city and 8,246 rubles in the village. If children are in a foster family, then the foster parents received a salary - 5 thousand 364 rubles in the city and 6 thousand 706 rubles in the village for raising one child.

At the same time, adoptive parents and guardians will need to report expenses annually; adoptive parents do not need to prepare such papers.

Guardianship officials advise placing no more than five children in a foster family. If there are natural children, then no more than eight, including natural children. Of course, each specific situation is resolved individually. For example, in the largest foster family in the Voronezh region there are now 12 children growing up. This became possible because the condition was met - when they were transferred to the family, the brothers and sisters were not separated. In total, at the beginning of 2021, about 500 foster families have been created in the region, raising an average of 2-3 children. Thus, almost 1,200 children got a home and parents.

Cancellation of adoption

The grounds for canceling the adoption of a child from any government institution may be abuse of parental rights, cruel treatment of the child, failure to fulfill parental obligations, chronic alcoholism or drug addiction of the parents.
Cancellation is carried out at the request of the guardianship authorities with the participation of the prosecutor's office in court. The plaintiff is OOiP. The initiator can also be a biological parent, adoptive parents, or the adopted child himself if he has reached the age of 14 years.

After the adoption is cancelled, the rights of the biological parents are restored, provided that they were not previously deprived of them. Recovery after deprivation is possible only when the parents can prove that they have changed their behavior and lifestyle and eliminated the reason that served as the basis for the deprivation.

If the deprived parent wants to return the child, but there are no grounds for canceling the adoption and more than six months have passed since the revocation of parental rights, the claim will be rejected and the child will remain with the adoptive parents. However, each situation is considered separately, and the court's decision depends on many factors and arguments presented by both parties.

Waiting at Home - assistance in adopting a child (children) in Voronezh and the Voronezh region

We are pleased to welcome you to our resource - The Road HOME. Firstly, because you are potential parents. And secondly, because we hope to help you find your own child.

• use the questionnaires, where we tried to describe each child in detail so that you can get to know them in absentia.
• review the documents required for filing for guardianship;
• you will find information about family structure, articles on a variety of issues and problems of family structure;
• get acquainted with real stories of children being accepted into a real family, their successes and future.

How to proceed with paperwork

Before being handed over to the family, the child will undergo a full examination in the hospital.

It takes about two weeks to finalize guardianship. The adoption procedure takes longer because it is carried out by the judicial authorities.

While the documents are being processed, the child is sent to the hospital, where he is examined by doctors. It is needed so that doctors can give future parents complete information about the health status of their unborn son or daughter.

When all formalities are completed, specialists from the guardianship authority will prepare an act on the transfer of the child to the family. However, their role in the child’s life does not end there. They will accompany the family for a long time and help the child adapt to new conditions.

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Training courses for future parents

Every person planning to adopt a child is required to complete training courses for future parents. The courses provide legal and psychological-pedagogical training, which will allow you to properly educate and communicate with children. Training is provided free of charge. You can take the course either face-to-face or online. After the courses, potential parents are given a certificate of completion, which must be attached to the package of documents.

Registration of the birth of a child at the registry office in Voronezh in 2021