Income tax is the main payment for large and medium-sized businesses, as well as some small companies that have not switched to special regimes. This is a direct tax that legal entities pay on what they earn. Let's look at the nuances of determining the base for its calculation, the payment procedure and the rates in force in 2021.
Who pays income tax
Tax payers are:
- Russian organizations applying the main taxation system.
- Foreign companies that have representative offices here, receive income, are residents or are actually managed from the Russian Federation.
Do not pay corporate income tax:
- companies on the simplified tax system and unified agricultural tax;
- organizations from the gambling business;
- Skolkovo residents.
Companies from the first two groups pay other taxes, and the income of Skolkovo participants is completely exempt from taxation.
For legal entities from Russia and foreign companies with representative offices here, taxable profit means the difference between income and expenses. Other foreign organizations do not take into account their expenses, that is, all income they receive in Russia is taxed.
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Local taxes and fees
Mandatory for payment in the territories of cities, districts and other municipalities. The general part is described by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, individual elements of taxation are described by decisions of city dumas, councils of district deputies and other regulations of representative bodies of municipalities. Local deputies, like regional ones, are allowed to determine tax rates, the procedure and deadlines for paying taxes. All local taxes and fees go entirely to the municipal budget and are paid only by those who have certain property or are engaged in a certain type of activity. There are three types of local taxes and fees in the country:
- land tax;
- property tax for individuals;
- trade fee.
Federal, regional and local taxes and fees constitute the so-called OSNO - general taxation system . In addition to this, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for special tax regimes , the use of which exempts you from the obligation to pay some taxes. The transition to them is available for small businesses that meet a number of restrictions, and companies or individual entrepreneurs from certain industries. Proceeds from such taxes are divided between budgets of various levels. Here is a list of special modes:
- single agricultural tax (USAT);
- simplified taxation system (STS);
- taxation system for the implementation of production sharing agreements;
- patent tax system (PTS).
In addition to these taxes and fees, there are also mandatory insurance contributions for pension insurance, social insurance in case of temporary disability and compulsory medical insurance, which I already wrote about in the last issue of the column.
You listened to a brief retelling of Articles 12-18 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Respect in the comments if you feel like you saved a lot of time
