Types of disability in Russia: classification, degrees and conditions for obtaining

Types of disability benefits

People who are unable to work due to disability are provided with the following types of financial support:

• The social pension is intended for those who have not accumulated insurance coverage. Can be received by minors, pensioners, citizens who have lost their breadwinner.
• A labor pension is assigned as compensation for the lost opportunity to receive income. To receive this type of payment, you must have a minimum length of service – at least 1 day.
• The state pension is accrued depending on the length of service to cosmonauts, military personnel, victims of man-made accidents, participants of the Second World War, as well as survivors of the blockade.

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Who is entitled to disability benefits in 2021?

All disabled people who have officially confirmed their status can count on receiving disability payments.
The medical institution issues a conclusion about a persistent decline in health; you will regularly have to undergo a commission again so that the doctor can make sure that there is no improvement. Depending on the state of health in the Russian Federation, several disability groups are distinguished:

These categories of citizens can count on payment of benefits in the established amount. They are provided with additional benefits and are assigned monthly and one-time disability benefits.

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How to apply for disability

How to apply for disability

1. Obtain a referral to an ITU or a certificate of refusal to be referred to an ITU (from a medical organization, from a pension agency, or from a social security agency);
2. Prepare identification documents: a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, a temporary identity card of a citizen of the Russian Federation, issued before issuing a passport, or their certified copies.
3. Prepare a written application for an ITU.
4. Contact the ITU office at your place of residence or place of stay with a package of documents: an identity document, an application for an ITU, a referral to an ITU or a certificate of refusal to refer, medical documents confirming a health impairment.
5. Wait for an invitation to ITU.
6. Go through a medical examination and get a decision.
7. Obtain a certificate confirming the fact of disability.

What to do if referral to ITU is denied?

If you are denied a referral to the ITU, you must be issued a certificate of refusal to refer to the ITU, which gives you the right to submit documents to the ITU yourself without a referral (clause 19 of the Rules for recognizing a person as a disabled person, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2006 No. 95)
.

What to do if the patient is unable to come for examination to the ITU facility?

If the recipient of a public service cannot come to the bureau and it is necessary to conduct an MSE at home, an appropriate conclusion from a medical organization providing medical and preventive care is additionally submitted (clause 90 of the Regulations for the provision of public services for conducting a medical and social examination)

.

How is disability determined?

When establishing disability, a quantitative assessment of the severity of persistent dysfunctions of the human body due to neoplasms is taken into account. It is based primarily on the assessment of local prognostic factors: localization and size of the tumor, anatomical form of growth, growth rate, degree of invasion of the organ wall (degree of invasion), histological structure and degree of differentiation, degree of malignancy, nature of damage to regional lymph nodes, presence or absence of distant metastases , stage of the tumor process (according to the TNMG system). The possibility of adaptation and compensation, and the presence of complications are also taken into account.

(Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated December 17, 2015 N 1024n (as amended on July 5, 2016) “On classifications and criteria used in the implementation of medical and social examination of citizens by federal state institutions of medical and social examination" (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on January 20, 2016 N 40650 ) Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on January 20, 2021 N 40650)

What is IPRA for a disabled person?

IPRA for a disabled person is a set of optimal rehabilitation measures for a disabled person, which includes certain types, forms, volumes, terms and procedures for the implementation of medical, professional and other rehabilitation measures aimed at restoration, compensation for impaired body functions, formation, restoration, compensation of the disabled person’s abilities to perform certain types of activities.

How to make changes to the IPRA of a disabled person?

If it is necessary to make additions or changes to the disabled person’s IPRA, a new referral for medical and social examination is issued and a new disabled person’s IPRA is drawn up.

Is an employee obliged, after his disability group has been determined, to inform the employer about this?

The employer is not legally required to provide documents confirming his disability. An employee can submit such documents at his own request, both when applying for a job and during his work activity.

Can an employee refuse the rehabilitation measures specified in the IPRA?

The employee has the right to refuse one or another type, form and volume of rehabilitation measures specified in the IPRA (IPR), as well as the implementation of the program as a whole. In this case, the employer is released from liability for its implementation. (Part 5 of Article 11 of Law No. 181-FZ, Part 7 of Article 11 of Law No. 181-FZ.)

What rights does a disabled person have at work?

1. Duration of working hours of disabled people and payment for their work - no more than 35 hours per week with full pay (for disabled people of groups I and II);
2. Involvement of disabled people in overtime work, work on weekends, holidays, and also at night is allowed only with their written consent and provided that this is not prohibited for them for health reasons in accordance with a medical report;
3. The duration of annual paid leave for disabled people has been increased and must be at least 30 calendar days (Part 5, Article 23 of Law No. 181-FZ)
   ;
4. The employer is obliged to provide a disabled employee, upon his written application, leave without pay for up to 60 calendar days per year (paragraph 5, part 2, article 128 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, letter of Rostrud dated 04/16/2014 N PG/3387-6-1)
   ;
5. The employer is obliged to create and equip (equip) special workplaces for the employment of disabled people. (Part 1 of Article 22 of Law No. 181-FZ.)
   ;
6. Establishment of easy labor for disabled people.

If a disabled person, in accordance with the IPRA, can no longer work at his previous job?

An employee who needs to be transferred to another job in accordance with a medical report with his written consent, the employer is obliged to transfer to another available job that is not contraindicated for the employee for health reasons (Article 73 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation)

, the employee retains the same average earnings for one month from the date of transfer.
Also, according to clause 9 of the Rules for recognizing a person as a disabled person, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2006 No. 95
, disability of group I is established for two years, and disability of groups II and III - for one year. Thus, if a disabled employee who needs easier work has provided the employer with documents confirming the establishment of disability for a specified period, a temporary transfer is issued.

If an employee refuses to be transferred to another job in accordance with his medical report?

If, in accordance with a medical report, an employee needs a temporary transfer to another job for a period of more than four months or a permanent transfer, then if he refuses the transfer or the employer does not have a suitable job, the employment contract is terminated in accordance with clause 8 of Part 1 of Art. 77 Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In this case, the dismissed employee is paid severance pay in the amount of two weeks' average earnings (Part 3 of Article 178 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

What is VMP and how much does it cost?

VMP – high-tech medical care.

VMP is provided in accordance with the List of types of VMF included in the basic compulsory medical insurance program and the List of types of VMF not included in the basic compulsory medical insurance program. Regardless of the type of medical care, it is free, since it is included in the Program of State Guarantees for the provision of free medical care to citizens and is financed by the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund.

How to get high-tech medical care?

Step 1. Contact your doctor.

Step 2. Wait for the VMP coupon to be issued.

Step 3. Wait for the decision of the commission of the medical organization providing medical care and hospitalization in the receiving medical organization.

Step 4. Upon completion of VMP, receive recommendations.

How to find out the status of a VMP coupon?

The status of the coupon can be viewed on the official website of the Russian Ministry of Health:

What to do if a doctor refuses to refer a patient for advanced medical care?

1. Submitting an application or complaint to another authorized person of the referring medical organization;
2. Filing an application or complaint to Roszdravnadzor or the government body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the field of healthcare;
3. Contacting a medical insurance organization or territorial compulsory medical insurance fund;
4. Applying to the court to declare illegal the inaction of medical workers or refusal to refer for the provision of medical treatment.

What is the validity period of the quota and where can I get it?

The quota is issued by the health department at the place of residence in a specific medical institution and is valid from the moment of its issuance until December 31 of the current year.

Will the quota be valid for re-hospitalization?

If you are hospitalized again, you must take a new quota for treatment, even if hospitalization is planned for the current year.

What to do if there is a prescription, but the pharmacy does not have the medicine?

You need to fill out a prescription for deferred care at the pharmacy. There they are required to register it in the register of unsatisfied demand. Such a magazine should be in every pharmacy that dispenses drugs on preferential prescriptions. After registering a prescription, the pharmacy must submit a request for the drug to the pharmaceutical company authorized to supply preferential drugs to the region and provide the drug to the patient within 10-15 days. Deferred care is not a pharmacy's choice—it is the pharmacy's legal responsibility to arrange deferred care.

Prescriptions are issued with a validity of 30 days. Can a prescription be issued for a longer period of validity?

Prescriptions for medications written out on prescription forms Form N 148-1/u-04 (l) and Form N 148-1/u-06 (l), citizens who have reached retirement age, disabled people of the first group, disabled children, and also for citizens suffering from chronic diseases requiring long-term course of treatment, valid for 90 days from the date of issue.

For the treatment of chronic diseases, the specified categories of citizens can be issued prescriptions for medications for a course of treatment of up to 90 days. (Appendix No. 1 to the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated December 20, 2012 No. 1175n)

IMPORTANT MEDICATION INFORMATION!

1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 1994 N 890 (as amended on February 14, 2002) “On state support for the development of the medical industry and improving the supply of medicines and medical products to the population and healthcare institutions”

2. Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated December 20, 2012 N 1175n (as amended on April 21, 2016) “On approval of the procedure for prescribing and prescribing medications, as well as forms of prescription forms for medications, the procedure for processing these forms, their recording and storage”

3. Federal Law of July 17, 1999 N 178-FZ (as amended on December 19, 2016) “On State Social Assistance”

4. Federal Law of November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ (as amended on July 3, 2016) “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”

5. LIST OF VITAL AND IMPORTANT DRUGS FOR MEDICAL USE FOR 2021 (Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2016 N 2885-r)

One-time disability benefit

A one-time cash payment to disabled people is financial support from the state, which can be expressed both in cash and in kind. A person has the right to choose the form of a one-time benefit.

What is included in EDV in kind:

• city ​​telephone service;
• travel to the sanatorium once a year;
• social services;
• Dental prosthetics once every 5 years.

In material equivalent, EDV is paid in an amount depending on the disability group:

• for the first group – 4,087.36 rubles;
• for the second group – 2,919.02 rubles;
• disabled person of group 3 – 2,336.70 rubles;
• minor citizens – 2,919 rubles. (the amount does not depend on the group).

The recipient has the right to refuse assistance in kind in full, or from any specific type of service, replacing it with cash support.

Disability insurance payment

Paid if two conditions are met:

• There is any disability group.
• I have experience.

The disability insurance pension depends on several factors:

• groups;
• duration of employment;
• fees paid;
• presence in the family of persons under care;
• region of residence.

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The amount of the insurance pension includes a fixed part, which is determined by the government and indexed every year. The amount of disability benefits is calculated taking into account the group, family and social status, and length of service.

When is disability group 2 given for stroke?

There is a chance to apply for the group only if it is impossible to fully restore brain function after a stroke. That is, what happened should be reflected in work activity and various functions (vision, hearing, etc.). If the problem is really severe and permanent, then you need to take medical results. research, a passport, an extract from the medical history (here, for example, the methods and results of rehabilitation are prescribed), an application for the implementation of medical examination.

To objectively assess a person’s condition after a stroke, data from clinical urine and blood tests, ECG, and REG are taken into account. Experts also take into account criteria such as:

— the applicant’s dependence on others;

— degree of limited ability to self-service;

— quality of orientation in space;

- ability to move without assistance;

— effectiveness of communication with others and the ability to control behavior.

As soon as group 2 is assigned, you can take advantage of the benefits provided and even work, since this opportunity remains available when the appropriate conditions are created.

Disability benefit for group 1 in 2021

The amount of the fixed payment to the disability insurance pension of group I is 6044 rubles 48 kopecks per month.
Amount of fixed payment to the disability insurance pension of group I

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The fixed part, taking into account regional coefficients, is paid regardless of the place of residence of the person at the time of payment. Thus, in order to receive an increased insurance payment for work in the Northern regions and equivalent regions, it is not at all necessary to live there.

One-time cash payments amount to 4087 rubles . The amount is paid only if the recipient has issued an EDV in cash and not in kind.

What benefits are available to disabled people of group 1:

• To pay utility bills (50%).
• Housing subsidy.
• For education.
• Free travel on city public transport, and a half discount on the cost of travel on other types of transport.
• A trip to a sanatorium, medications and medicines, prosthetics.
• Social services: nurse, discounts on funeral services, etc.

Persons who have lost the ability to work as a result of military operations, as well as prisoners of concentration camps, receive additional monthly material support (DEMO) in the amount of 1 thousand rubles.

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DEMO for disabled people of the Second World War and residents of besieged Leningrad is 500 rubles.

With an income below the subsistence level, a group 1 disabled person has the right to a federal social subsidy (FSD). Its size varies depending on the region.

When is disability group 2 given for Parkinson's disease?

This disease belongs to chronically severe extrapyramidal syndromes, and the anomaly is prone to development. With this diagnosis, as a rule, the activity of the dopaminergic system of the brain (GM) is severely impaired. To put it simply, the problem is manifested by muscle rigidity, hypokinesia, limb tremors and autonomic failure.

As in the first two cases described above, the appointment of the group is carried out by specialists from the ITU bureau. Experts assess the degree of restrictions affecting the performance of everyday tasks, taking into account the intensity of the disease and the presence of accompanying pathologies. For this purpose, for example, the Hoehn-Yahr scale is used, consisting of one intermediate and five main stages.

When the ability to carry out daily activities declines, the Schwab-England scale is used, divided into 11 levels (for example, at 70%, work speed decreases three to four times, and at 10%, self-care is considered impossible). At the same time, group 2 can be obtained if Parkinson’s disease has reached stage 3 or 4 without maintaining the chance of working (or only under special conditions). Often, the patient requires aids (walkers, etc.) to move around.

Amount of benefits for disabled people since childhood

• Social pension: 1st group – 13,454 rubles, 2nd group – 11,212 rubles, 3rd group – 4,756 rubles.
• EDV: 1 group – 3897 rub., 2 – 2783 rub., 3 – 2228 rub.

There is also a disability benefit in case of loss of a breadwinner. Its size depends on the breadwinner's insurance pension.

Persons disabled since childhood have the right to the same benefits as persons who have become disabled during their lifetime.

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List of diseases for each group

In group 1, health problems are the most persistent and obvious. There are significant limitations. We are talking about assigning this category if the following are diagnosed:

- amputation (partial or complete);

- malignant tumors with many metastases;

- severe degree of circulatory failure;

- damage to the central nervous system, causing frequent seizures, paralysis of the body;

- irreversible problems in the functioning of organs or consequences of injury;

- twilight consciousness, dementia, progressive schizophrenia and other anomalies;

- a disease leading to loss of voice, vision, hearing, as well as progressive tuberculosis (last stage).

The reason for assigning group 2 are also obvious problems associated with:

— cirrhosis of the lungs and liver;

- removal of cancerous tumors;

- severe stomach ulcer;

- worsening tuberculosis;

- diseases of the spinal cord (paralysis);

- damage to the myocardium or heart muscle, disruption of blood flow;

- infections, injuries and cerebral atherosclerosis affecting intelligence;

— surgical intervention in the functioning of internal organs, their integrity, etc.

As for group 3, there are diseases in which, despite restrictions, one can lead an independent life and work. Experts assign this group to disabled people if they encounter:

- lesions of the central nervous system;

- anatomical defects;

- abnormalities of blood vessels and heart;

— dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system.

Degrees of disability for each group

To describe the damage caused by a disease to the body, the following degrees of damage are used:

- minor dysfunctions;

— anomalies of moderate strength;

- severely manifested conditions;

- severe, highly limiting pathologies.

With the first two degrees, you can get the 3rd “working” group, and with the remaining two, incapacity for work and inaccessibility to professional activity are implied.

Amount of benefit for disabled children

Payments to disabled people under 18 years of age:

• Social benefits – 12,432.44 rubles.
• EDV – 2,783 rub.

The following amounts of payments are provided for caring for a child with a disability:

• 10,000 rub. parents or persons registered as guardians;
• 1200 rub. - to other persons.

Also, disabled children have the same benefits as other disabled citizens. Additional benefits in the form of increased leave, early retirement and additional days off are available to their parents or guardians.

These benefits are assigned only to children under the age of majority. If the ability to work has not been restored after 18 years, then the person receives the status of “childhood disabled” with a certain category and is assigned social disability benefits.

United Nations Strategy for the Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities

In June 2021, the UN Secretary-General launched the UN Strategy for Disability Inclusion to promote “sustained and transformative progress in mainstreaming disability inclusion across all components of the work of the United Nations.” This strategy requires all United Nations agencies to consistently and systematically integrate disability into all aspects of their work.

WHO welcomes this strategy and is currently developing a comprehensive disability policy and action plan, which aims to make WHO an organization that takes into account the interests and concerns of people with disabilities in all their diversity and systematically integrates disability perspectives into all program areas, including at the country level.

Additional assistance for people with disabilities

In addition to payments and monetary compensation, the state offers disabled people benefits in the following areas and areas of life:

• Working conditions. Without the consent of disabled people, they cannot be forced to work overtime, on weekends or at night. The nature of the work itself should not be harmful to health;
• Public transport. Travel is free for disabled children, as well as disabled people of groups I and II who have visual impairments or cannot move;
• Driving. Disabled people of all groups can install a “Disabled” sign on their car - this allows them to park for free;
• Discount on medicines. This benefit is provided in the amount of 50 or 100% depending on the group and whether the disabled person is employed;
• Public places. Disabled people of groups I and II are accepted without waiting in line wherever people are treated or served (in clinics, in stores, etc.);
• Accommodations. The standard area for a disabled person is 36 m², twice as much as for a healthy person. An apartment or land plot is equipped with special equipment and devices (for example, ramps) at the expense of the state;
• Social housing. A disabled person may qualify for housing under a social tenancy agreement. At a minimum, he will be registered, and a disabled orphan will be given housing out of turn.

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The list presented is far from complete. All benefits can be found in the text of the Federal Law on the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation.

Answers to frequently asked questions

Below we provide answers to the most popular questions.

Can I apply for benefits for caring for a disabled child if I myself am disabled?

The rules for assigning benefits for caring for disabled children are contained in Decree No. 175 of the President of the Russian Federation “On monthly payments to persons caring for disabled children.” The recipient of payments must satisfy a number of requirements:

• be able to work;
• not officially work;
• not be registered with the Employment Center;
• not receive a pension.

If you have a disability, it will not be possible to arrange care for a disabled child. It is best to give permission for these actions to a person (relative or friend) who meets the above requirements.