Registering with the employment service is one of the options for receiving help in finding a job. This is also a good chance to receive temporary financial assistance.
All employment services are free and controlled at the state level. The following have the right to register with such a body:
- persons who were dismissed at the initiative of the employer;
- persons who resigned of their own free will;
- persons who are looking for work for the first time.
Before entering the employment center database, you need to obtain the “unemployed” status. The following persons are not recognized as such:
- under 16 years of age;
- who retired (by age or early);
- full-time students;
- those undergoing military service;
- who refused the job offered by the employment center twice.
This step was taken in order to avoid a large flow of people who are not interested in finding vacancies, but only in monetary support.
- who refused the training offered by the exchange twice.
In cases where the applicant is unqualified.
- who did not show up on time to receive job offers or unemployed status;
- who are engaged in entrepreneurial activities;
- convicted persons with a certain term of imprisonment;
- who provided false information to service employees.
Who can join the labor exchange?
The labor exchange, or employment center, was invented for people who, for some reason, have lost their jobs. The main responsibility of the exchange is to help you find a new job. Anyone can contact the employment center for this.
If you want to qualify for cash benefits, you must meet the following criteria:
- be a citizen of the Russian Federation;
- be over 16 years old;
- not have a job and no income, even temporary. Including not being an individual entrepreneur, founder of an LLC in a paid position or self-employed, not undergoing military service, not engaging in subsidiary farming or selling products under contracts, not being a member of a peasant or farm enterprise;
- do not study full-time;
- not receive an insurance or funded pension, old-age pension or long service pension.
Why can they be deregistered at the Employment Center?
There are several reasons for this, Law of the Russian Federation of April 19, 1991 No. 1032‑1 “On employment in the Russian Federation”. A person will be deregistered from the labor exchange if he:
- is no longer considered unemployed, that is, he began to receive income or a pension, was drafted into the army, sentenced to a real prison term, and so on;
- does not come to the inspector for re-registration for a long time without good reason;
- was registered with the Center for Significance by deception, although he had no right to do so;
- moved - in this case you will need to register in a new place;
- he himself renounced his unemployed status;
- died.
In addition, benefits may be suspended for a month. This happens if you violate the rules of interaction with the central control center. For example, coming to the inspector drunk or skipping classes at vocational training courses that the exchange sent you to.
What do the unemployed receive, besides assistance in finding a job?
Unemployment benefit.
In 2021, the benefit amount ranges from 1.5 thousand rubles to 8 thousand rubles per month. Its specific size depends on the working background of the unemployed person.
The maximum payments will be received by those who
- over the past year worked (or served in conscription) for more than 26 weeks;
- resigned voluntarily or was laid off.
Such unemployed people will receive up to 75% of the average monthly earnings at their last job for the first three months and up to 60% for the next three months. But no more and no less than the maximum and minimum benefits.
The minimum payments will be received by those who
- never worked anywhere;
- did not work for more than a year before receiving unemployed status;
- worked less than 26 weeks in the last year;
- was fired for violating labor discipline;
- ceased the activities of the individual entrepreneur;
- At your last job, you provided services under a GPC agreement or an author’s agreement;
- last year was a member of a production cooperative or artel;
- came out of a peasant or farm household;
- did not provide a certificate of average earnings for the last three months at the last place of work.
Unemployed people in this group will receive a minimum benefit.
People of pre-retirement age stand apart. For them, the maximum benefit amount is 11,280 rubles, and the methods for calculating the amount of benefits differ from other unemployed people.
Additional payments.
Their availability and size depend on the region in which you are registered as unemployed. In Moscow, for example, there is a city supplement to the benefit (850 ₽), compensation for expenses on public transport (1385 ₽), financial assistance - regular (up to 80% of the cost of living) and one-time (4900 ₽).
Money for starting a business.
Those who want to become an individual entrepreneur or open their own organization will be able to receive one-time financial assistance of up to 10,200 rubles. This money will need to be spent on business - for example, on preparing documents for registering a business or expenses for a notary and lawyers. To receive such assistance, you will need to provide a completed business plan and application to the employment center.
Read on the topic: How to become self-employed: detailed instructions for 2019
Opportunity to retrain.
The employment center can refer an unemployed person to free vocational training. To do this, you must not have qualifications or for some reason not be able to work in the profession that you have. From the first day of classes you will receive a scholarship and will no longer be considered unemployed.
Psychological support.
At the employment center, the unemployed can contact a psychologist who will help solve problems that impede employment and professional self-realization. The psychologist will also be able to suggest how, for example, to increase motivation to work.
Opportunity to undergo social adaptation to the labor market and career guidance.
Unemployed people can be taught how to look for work on their own, how to write a resume and communicate with an employer, and suggest the best type of employment or vocational training option.
How is the benefit paid?
The employment center needs 11 days to consider the application. During this period, you may receive offers from employers, to which you are required to respond and undergo online interviews. If no offers are received, benefits will begin to be paid.
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Note! The benefit is paid monthly and accrues from the first day you are recognized as unemployed.
How to join the labor exchange?
“Joining the labor exchange” means registering with the employment service as unemployed. This happens in two stages.
1. First, a person registers to look for a suitable job - at this time they look for a suitable job and do not pay unemployment benefits (this stage lasts 10 days).
2. If a job is not found, and the person meets the necessary criteria (they will be discussed below), he is recognized as unemployed and benefits begin to be paid.
Here are the details.
What to do if you have questions about the progress of your application?
If the information reflected in your personal account on the “Work in Russia” portal or on the State Services is not clear to you, or if you have any questions in connection with the status reflected on the application page, you must contact directly the CZN that you indicated in your electronic application.
Methods of contacting are recommended remotely, that is, without personal contact with labor exchange specialists:
- by phone;
- by email.
When making a telephone conversation or sending an e-mail, you must indicate the registration number of the application.
Phone numbers and email addresses, as well as other necessary information about regional employment centers, are posted on the “Work in Russia” portal (trudvsem.ru) in the “Applicant” - “State Employment Service” section:
The first stage is registration in order to find a suitable job
Anyone who wants to “get on the stock exchange” should first of all contact a government agency—the employment center (PEC). You can find a suitable center in your city on the Rostrud website (tab “Employment Service” - “search by region of the Russian Federation”).
If you plan to apply for unemployment benefits, then you need to contact the employment center at the place of registration - you will need to live and look for work in the same region. Thus, only those who have Moscow registration will be able to receive unemployment benefits in Moscow (temporary registration will not work).
You must contact the center in person - you cannot submit an application online. You need to take the following documents with you:
- passport;
- work book (if any);
- documents on education, as well as qualifications, training, academic degrees and academic titles (if any);
- a certificate of average earnings for the last 3 months at the last place of work (if any).
After the documents are submitted, the person begins to look for a suitable job. This period lasts 10 days.
What is a suitable job?
This is a job that formally matches your professional qualities and needs. When searching for a suitable job, they will take into account your profession or specialty, position and type of activity at your last job, level of education and qualifications, experience and work skills, average earnings for the last 3 months at your previous job, compliance of working conditions with your health and transport accessibility of the workplace .
You have the right to refuse a job offer if it does not suit you according to any of the criteria. This should be reported to the employment service.
For those who have never studied anywhere and never worked, the employment center can offer any paid job that does not require prior training. The only criterion by which you can evaluate it is transport accessibility. You may also be offered vocational training.
For what reasons can benefits be denied?
An unemployed person is an able-bodied citizen looking for a new place of employment. The exchange helps in this by offering vacancies that match his capabilities. Having found a suitable place, a person must begin to perform his duties. If the applicant systematically rejects suitable vacancies offered by the exchange, he is deprived of benefits.
This can also result in missing scheduled visits to the employment service. Each applicant is assigned a specialist who selects vacancies. He assigns the applicant a frequency of meetings to consider the selected options, and if there are suitable jobs, he sends his ward for an interview. If a person misses the appointed days, he may be completely deprived of benefits or the amount of payments reduced.
There are categories of people who are initially not eligible to receive unemployment benefits:
- children under 14 years of age;
- students;
- those undergoing military service;
- pensioners;
- convicts sent to correctional labor;
- individual entrepreneurs;
- women on maternity leave;
- those who work part-time or from home and have multiple sources of income;
- unemployed people who refused employment without a valid reason.
Even unofficial income, regardless of its size, deprives a person of the right to this type of state support, so he will be denied payments if the fact of regular income is discovered.
ATTENTION! A woman expecting a child can register with the employment center, look for work and receive benefits. But the pregnancy must be no more than 30 weeks: after this point, she begins to receive another benefit from the state.
If, within 12 months, the Labor Center has not been able to find vacancies that match the employee’s qualifications, his right to payments is retained. This often applies to people with a high level of income in their previous place, since the requirements for employers in their case are also quite high.
The second stage is registration as unemployed
If it was not possible to find a suitable job within 10 days, then on the 11th day the Labor Center makes a decision to recognize the person as unemployed.
Who may not be recognized as unemployed?
In some cases, the employment center may refuse to recognize a person as unemployed. This status may not be given to those who
- within 10 days after submitting documents, without a good reason, you did not come to the employment service to look for a new job (here is a list of documents that confirm the presence of good reasons);
- turned down two suitable job options. And for those who are looking for work for the first time, two refusals to receive vocational training or offered paid work are enough;
- did not come to the employment service on the day when he should have been recognized as unemployed.
If you are denied unemployed status, you can submit documents for re-registration at the employment center in a month.
How to apply if an unemployed person does not have the Internet or a computer
It is not always possible for a citizen to complete the required electronic documents and use electronic services to send them to recipients. The reasons may be different - there is no money to pay for the Internet, there is no computer or tablet, or the skills to interact with modern electronic services have not been developed. What to do?
For such situations, a special procedure is provided - in order to fill out an electronic application, the unemployed must personally visit the employment center (paragraph 6, clause 2 of the Temporary Rules).
You will still have to fill out an electronic application when visiting the Center in person. If an unemployed person finds it difficult to do this, stock exchange employees will help him. In such situations, the procedure for filling out an application is the same - you must enter data in all required fields of the application in your personal account on the “Work in Russia” website or in your personal account on the State Services portal.
It may happen that a citizen does not have a confirmed account on the State Services portal. Then the employment center registers the unemployed in this system (Government Decree No. 844 of June 10, 2020).
What's next?
Those who were laid off from work due to layoffs will receive payments from the employer for the first two months equal to their average monthly earnings. If a redundant employee does not find a job within two months and provides his former employer with a certificate stating that he is unemployed (that is, he is registered with the Employment Center), then he will be paid the average salary for the third month. Next, unemployment benefit payments will begin.
For everyone else, unemployment benefits will be accrued from the first day after receiving status. Payments will be received twice a month.
Unemployed citizens must come to the employment center twice a month. They will be offered two or three vacancies with suitable work. If you do not appear at the center without good reason for more than a month, then you may be deregistered by the employment service - and, therefore, the payment of benefits will stop.
You can lose your unemployed status for other reasons. These include, for example, moving to another city, paying a scholarship for vocational training courses, or granting a pension. When a person finds a job or becomes an entrepreneur, he is also deregistered with the employment service.
When are accruals paid?
The transfer of funds is scheduled as soon as the applicant receives his status. The payment period depends on the nuances of the applicant’s work activity.
- If a person was fired within a year before submitting an application, provided that he worked for at least 182 days, he will receive money for 12 months.
- For those who are looking for a job for the first time, as well as for those who quit more than a year before applying and were dismissed for unfair labor activity, this is three months out of 12.
- With less than 26 weeks of experience, as well as those who have received a referral for training, 90 days for one year.
- Orphans – 12 months.
Personal experience: how I joined the labor exchange
At the beginning of 2021, I was laid off at the magazine where I was working at the time. As required by law, I was offered alternative positions within the publishing holding, but they were all as far from what I was doing, so I had to quit and register with the labor exchange - in order to calmly look for a new job, receiving payments from my former employer.
The procedure itself is simple. I was given the necessary documents on the last working day. At the CZN, I had to fill out a form, and the center employee created my profile in their system, which allowed her to view suitable vacancies in the database.
At the employment center, you are assigned a curator: you need to check in with him once every two weeks and report on your progress in finding a job; Every time he prints out a list of current vacancies. In general, you just have to show that you are really looking for a job and not sitting at home on the couch. Moreover, at some stage, unemployment benefits are assigned (it depends on the average earnings at the previous place of work, but still in Moscow since the end of 2018 it has been no more than 8 thousand rubles, and previously it was limited above 4.9 thousand rubles) . In the capital, they add compensation for transportation costs and an additional payment, in the amount of about 2 thousand rubles. You start receiving them only after compensation from the employer ends - in my case it didn’t come to that. Your former employer needs to provide a certificate stating that you are registered with the Central Employment Service.
The usefulness of the employment center's vacancy database, in my opinion, depends on the position from which you are being laid off. In the more than two months that I communicated with the curator, I only once came across something on the list that made sense to pay attention to - I even called the potential employer to clear my conscience, but, as I expected, I didn’t suit him, because I don’t speak German (and this skill was included in the requirements for candidates). The remaining options mainly included initial positions with more than modest compensation, and sometimes - as a bonus - also significantly outside the Moscow Ring Road. So I returned almost all the lists given to me two weeks later, marking “low salary” on each line.
Who is eligible to register
According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, an unemployed person has the right to apply for benefits.
It is necessary to submit an application to the appropriate service, and only an able-bodied Russian can do this. Thus, the following have the right to legally obtain status:
- people who were laid off at the time of liquidation of an enterprise or reorganization of a company;
- graduates of educational institutions without experience;
- citizens trying to find work.
Required conditions for registration:
- age from 16 to 60 (65) years;
- lack of official work;
- collection of all necessary documentation.
