The procedure for adopting a child from a maternity hospital or orphanage

Sometimes you need to know how to take a child from an orphanage in order to give him a family, surrounding him with care. But it's not that simple. It is required to provide a complete package of documents, as well as prove that the family can provide the baby with everything necessary. Some people give up because of the bureaucracy, but those who are willing to go through all the bureaucracy can take a baby from an infant home.

You can read about how to abandon a child in our article - here.

Motives for adopting a baby

There can be a lot of motives that encourage adoption, and among them are not only the ideas of bored ladies, but also difficult life situations . Here are some of the motives:

• a woman, due to illness, cannot give birth to a child herself and wants to please her husband so that he can feel like a father;
• the husband and wife really both want to make the orphan from the orphanage happier;
• the ambitions and wounded pride of people who themselves cannot have children;
• the desire to raise someone who could take care of old parents later, when weakness sets in;
• a young daughter gave birth to a baby, and her parents want to keep him in the family, but so that the daughter’s reputation does not suffer, they themselves want to become the parents of their own grandson;
• relatives want to give children who have lost their closest relatives for any reason shelter and care;
• wealthy people want to raise a successor, an heir to their wealth, etc.

The easiest way is to adopt a very small child who does not yet have any memory, skills, or habits, but a little one from whom you can mold a character as you wish - this is what most people who want to become parents think.

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What are the requirements for parents if they want to adopt a baby?

A baby is a very fragile little person, unadapted to our environment, and requires a lot of attention and almost all the time of a person who calls himself a mother, and the help of her husband - a new father.

The requirements for adoptive parents of infants , in principle, are no different from the requirements for adoptive parents of older children. So what you need:

1. the age of majority of both sexes;
2. availability of housing of sufficient space;
3. security of work and livelihood;
4. no criminal record for crimes related to sexual misconduct, or an outstanding conviction for serious crimes;
5. good health - both physical and mental;
6. they should not be deprived of parental rights, or adoptive parents who have already tried to take on the upbringing and returned children, or guardians who have been deprived of this title;
7. absence of bad habits;
8. the age difference with the child must be at least 16 years;
9. lack of US citizenship (and possibly other countries where same-sex marriage is allowed).

The state of health will have to be clarified by passing a medical examination at a medical institution.

Who has the right to be an adoptive parent

In Russia, both citizens of the Russian Federation and subjects with foreign citizenship can adopt a minor child. Restrictions are provided only for citizens of the United States of America - they are legally prohibited from adopting Russian children.

Important. The list of requirements for candidates is enshrined in Art. 127 SK.

Subjects who meet the following criteria have the right to adopt a lonely child:

• age of majority, and as a general rule it is necessary that the person being adopted be at least 16 years younger than his patron;
• satisfactory physical condition, absence of severe chronic diseases;
• having full civil capacity.

These are the main conditions, without which you should not count on replenishing your family at all. At the same time, the board of trustees will also be sure to ask the applicant whether he has suitable living space, what his income is and whether he has completed the necessary training.

The legislator also emphasizes that a subject, regardless of gender, can submit documents and pick up a boy or girl from an orphanage. Adoption does not have to be carried out by spouses - unmarried persons also have a similar right. But if a couple wants to consolidate an official relationship with a minor, a registered marriage is required.

Note. One of the spouses also has the right to adopt a boy or girl on their own. In such circumstances, only the consent of the other partner will be required.

Where are the databases of babies for adoption?

Each of the institutions where children are located creates a questionnaire for everyone who has become a pet of the institution. Be sure to have a photograph, or even better, several, and a brief description of the character, main features, and personality traits.

The completed questionnaire is sent to the guardianship authorities, from there to the regional data bank and then to the federal one. At the same time , each of the potential parents needs to be aware that the description and characteristics should not be trusted too much .

It’s not that the creation of a questionnaire is treated superficially - no, it’s just that a baby, having been there for a short time, cannot immediately show all his sides of character and disposition, and if this is a baby, then what kind of character and its characteristics can we talk about? It's more like an advertising brochure.

Databases of babies for adoption are available in the guardianship authorities, in the regional or federal data bank.

Medical examination of future parents

Potential parents must undergo a number of specialized specialists at a clinic in Ulyanovsk:

• infectious disease specialist;
• phthisiatrician;
• psychiatrist;
• therapist;
• narcologist.

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In addition, it is necessary to do fluorography, pass a Wasserman reaction test, and donate blood for HIV and hepatitis.

It is possible to undergo a medical examination at any medical institution licensed by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation to provide this type of service.

How to adopt from a maternity hospital? (step-by-step instruction)

A considerable part of those who want to become parents certainly want to take the newborn straight from the maternity hospital, and this option is possible if the unfortunate mother writes a refusal of the child. There is always a waiting list for abandoned babies , so when you decide to take a baby, you need to prepare mentally and documented.

The actions of future adoptive parents are as follows::

1. contact the PCA (guardianship and trusteeship authorities) to register in the queue for a conscientious objector from the maternity hospital;
2. Receive referrals for a medical examination from the Department of Public Health (there are special forms for this);
3. according to the list issued by the PLO, prepare the entire package of documents;
4. When everything is ready and it’s your turn, you should go to the OOP in full readiness to receive approval for adoption.

A special commission will visit the home of candidates for parents to ensure that there is a decent level of provision with living space and conditions for raising a child. Within approximately two weeks after reviewing the documents, a final answer will be received, and after a signal about the presence of a refusenik in the maternity hospital, it will be possible to continue the registration through the court .

submit an application to the court at the location of the maternity hospital , the same certificates will do (if three months have not passed, then you need to collect it again). Adoptive parents are exempt from paying state fees, so they do not need to pay or attach a receipt. An official document from the PLO indicating their consent and approval will be needed.

Despite the fact that the duration of the trial is, according to the rules, within 2 months, when the adoption concerns a newborn, the court makes a decision very quickly. To make things move even faster, you need to ask the court to apply the decision for immediate execution . If you do not do this, you will have to wait 10 days until the court decision comes into force.

By decision of the court, the baby can be taken away immediately, and the maternity hospital must issue a postpartum sick leave from the date the decision enters into legal force until the baby reaches the age of 70 days, and the registry office must be contacted to obtain documents for the baby .

Suggested sample application to the court: Form

Registry Office

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The process of adoption from a baby home

As for adopting a baby from home, the process has the same sequence and principles as when adopting from a maternity hospital. But in the orphanage there are babies of all ages , facial features have already formed, the color of the eyes and hair has been established and developed. It is understandable that future parents want to choose the child they like, the desired gender and age.

After the candidates are approved, the PLO will be given special permission to visit the orphanage , where you can preview the database, and then get to know the little person who needs a family.

If it suddenly turns out that it is not possible to select a child based on the image formed in your thoughts, you can contact nearby orphanages located in neighboring cities and towns, where you can contact with a conclusion about the possibility of becoming adoptive parents.

Having studied the information about the children, their data in the card index in the database, you should look again and again, get to know each other until your heart skips a beat.

Then the court located at the location of the children's institution, at the request of the adoptive parents, with the participation of representatives of the public educational organization, having examined all the documents, will most likely make a positive decision within the period established by law, after which, with a copy of the court decision, it will be possible to take the chosen lucky one home .

In the registry office, after the adoptive parents apply, changes will be made in the birth registration book regarding the child’s last name and patronymic, and a new birth certificate will be issued.

If a child is taken from an infant home, when writing a statement of claim to the court, you should be properly prepared so that in the part not descriptive, but below, where all the requirements for the court are indicated, you do not forget anything important, since the court will consider exactly that angle of adoption , which is indicated after the words “We ask the court...”.

If a desire is not expressed to change the surname, patronymic, even the first name (this is possible if the child is still at a tender age), then after the trial nothing can be done within the framework of the current legal proceedings ; a new process will be required, entailing the expenditure of money, time and nerve cells.

Railway department of the registry office

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What documents are needed for adoption in both cases?

The list of documents for registration of adoption is uniform, and it consists of the following official documents :

1. application to the PLO;
2. copies of passports;
3. certificate of medical examination;
4. income certificates of both parents, if this is a family;
5. written consent of the second spouse, if one representative of the couple acts as the adoptive parent (notarized);
6. an act on the results of a survey of housing conditions by the commission;
7. act on the results of a survey of the housing conditions of the POO;
8. characteristics from the place of work;
9. extract from the house register;
10. extract from personal account;
11. certificate of no criminal record.

The most serious problem is a medical certificate, consisting of a whole range of examinations . It will be necessary to exclude not only syphilis and HIV, AIDS, but also tuberculosis in any form, and oncological problems. Sometimes they are asked to provide information about the status of their current bank account or write an autobiography.

More details about the required documents are written here.

If you are going to get married, then you will need an article about a marriage contract and an article about changing your last name after marriage.

Zasviyazhsky Civil Registry Office department

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The Mystery of Adoption

In order for the child to consider himself a relative and relationships in the family are not complicated by the fact that the adopted child found out about his appearance in the family, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contains Article 155, according to which the secrecy of adoption must be respected .

The circle of people aware of this scrupulous legal procedure cannot be called narrow: these are employees of the PLO, orphanages, and courts. To eliminate the human factor and the danger of disclosure, the law allows you to change not only the child’s full name, but also the date of birth, and even the place of birth . The difference in time between the actual and fictitious dates of birth should not exceed three months.

Of course, the secrecy of adoption makes sense when they take a baby from a maternity hospital or a baby home , but if they take a child from an orphanage who already remembers a lot and realizes that these are not the people who gave birth to him, then there is no point in creating a halo around the fact of adoption mystery.

Benefits for adopted children

Adopted children are treated like relatives, therefore the laws of the Russian Federation provide for payments for adoptive parents in the same amounts and terms as for parents in ordinary families - sick leave if the child is taken from the maternity hospital, benefits until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years, etc. .

Adoptive parents can receive a lump sum benefit if they apply within 6 months from the date of the trial (from the actual date of adoption), but not a day later. In 2015, this benefit, paid one-time, amounts to 14,497 rubles.

Registry office agency

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