What is the maintenance of residential premises in a housing and communal services receipt?

Abbreviations that appear in the document

First, let's find out what these abbreviations are in the receipt - ELD, ASPP, EE, RC services, comp X V, TO SOV D and natural gas, as well as other strange words. Below are the most common of them.

What is IPU in a receipt for water? This is the designation for a device that takes into account consumption. It is individual - each apartment has its own. The reduction may not only apply to water supply. This is a universal designation for meters.

POVK TGV in the payment bill is an abbreviation that reflects the cost of supplied heat. After POVK, DVT or TCVT is entered, depending on the subtype of service.

The abbreviation SOI (ODN) is often found - this is the maintenance of common property. This includes being in working and clean condition:

• entrances;
• elevators;
• attic spaces;
• stairs;
• basements, front doors and so on.

In other words, everything that the residents of the house use is taken into account. The price for this service is usually determined by the management company and specified in the contract. The management company cannot unilaterally change the rate without a meeting of residents.

ROM (intercom locking device) - this column is only available if there is an intercom in the building. Residents are required to pay for it. But the management company, for its part, guarantees its uninterrupted operation. Sometimes it is included in a separate payment slip, but more often it is simply entered as an additional line in the general document.

DC services are charged if the water utility has transferred authority to the settlement center. In this case, he will already maintain accounting, deal with accrual, printing, and sending payments.

What is included in the article “Maintenance and current repairs of MKD housing”

The Housing Code of the Russian Federation (Article No. 154) specifies all types of actions that are assigned to management companies. To find out what is included in the fee for the maintenance of residential premises and current repairs of an apartment building, it is enough to open the regulatory act. It states that multi-family buildings must be maintained in proper functional and appearance at all times. This applies to elevators, corridors, entrance areas and staircases. According to the law, employees of the management company or HOA should perform the following on a monthly basis, as necessary and on an approved schedule:

• renovation of common areas;
• preparing general house equipment and machinery for the seasons;
• technical inspection of the current condition of the building;
• garbage removal;
• restoration of life support in case of accidents and breakdowns.

Similar obligations are written in the “Methodological manual for the maintenance and repair of housing stock.” They are considered imperative and must be carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the entire operational life. Moreover, each paragraph of the article contains many responsibilities aimed at preventing, diagnosing and eliminating household problems.

The list of service work is extensive and includes active activities throughout the year.

Service list

House maintenance is carried out according to an approved schedule. It is both preventive and emergency in nature. Employees are required to regularly inspect residential buildings and eliminate any detected defects, ensuring proper maintenance of housing. What is included in this payment? Residents finance all types of work carried out on the common area of ​​the house. The responsibilities of employees of management organizations include:

• technical supervision of premises (inspection of sites, electrical networks, adjacent areas);
• elimination of breakdowns in water supply, sewerage, heating, electrical equipment;
• checking the presence of drafts and hoods;
• coating parts of metal roofing;
• fixation of drainpipes, elbows, funnels;
• reactivation and preservation of irrigation installations;
• insulation of balcony and window openings;
• adjustment of heating structures;
• glass replacement;
• landscaping, sweeping, mowing lawns;
• cleaning roofs and canopies;
• waste removal;
• repair of the foundation, ceilings, doors, walls, canopies, facade, inter-apartment partitions, roofing, flooring, heating, water supply, garbage chutes;
• restoration of sidewalks, fences, canopies for containers, playgrounds near the house.

Important to know: Water Supply and Wastewater Regulation 645 of 2021

Despite the different nature of the activity in each month, the owners always pay the same fee, regardless of the time of year and type of service in each period of time. The article “Repair and maintenance of housing” includes capital, preventive and emergency work. The amount established by the state includes all repair and construction procedures that are regularly performed by employees of the specialized company.

How to decipher the housing and communal services payment scheme for utilities in an apartment

Almost all tickets are issued according to the same principle. First, the payer's details are indicated. A table is printed, all accruals for the past month will be there.

The following sections are required:

• Full name of the owner - it is worth checking this line every time so as not to pay for your neighbor.
• Address – there are rarely errors in this field, but it is also better to check it.
• A QR code is a picture that helps you pay all debts through an ATM, without entering information or involving bank employees.
• Period - the transcript of the payment document for utilities indicates the year and month for which the charges were made.
• Information about the management company.
• A few lines dedicated to the property - what type of property, its size, number of registered and residents, availability of beneficiaries.
• The subtype of the supplied resource can include everything that is supplied to the apartment, from gas to water.

There is no ODPU in MKD

The fourth option for calculating the payment for a utility resource for the maintenance of public buildings is used for houses in which the DPPU is not installed or for houses in which:

• three calendar months have passed since the date of failure of the ODPU,
• the previously put into operation ODPU was lost,
• The service life of the ODPU has expired.

In these cases, the volume of resource consumed is determined according to the standard. The standard is multiplied by the area of ​​common areas, and then multiplied by the share of a particular owner. No recalculation is done.

But what to do if a subject of the Russian Federation has not adopted the standard?

What does a receipt for electricity look like, the IPU in it

Most utility bills are issued in the same way, but there may be slight differences in different regions. At the top is the name of the company and its details. You can find any company using them. Usually there is a special barcode, which allows you to quickly pay for everything through an ATM.

If there is a counting device, then it can be designated as IPU. The indicators are printed as of the payment generation date. The apartment owner enters the current readings and transfers them to the supplier. Below there is a column with the value of the amount to be paid and a field with readings of communal meters. Based on this line, it is considered one.

How to understand payments for an apartment: deciphering a receipt for water

Payment for water is not much different from receipt for electricity supply. In them you can see previous figures from metering devices that were taken into account after they were transferred by the owner of the property. Next to it is an empty cell so that the consumer can enter the current numbers.

What is the tariff for calculating individual consumption in the receipt? This is the cost per cubic meter. To calculate the cost of the consumed service, you need to multiply the tariff by the volume used.

As in the previous type of payment documents, the water receipt contains the full name of the owner, the common area and size of the apartment, the name and details of the recipient of the money.

How is the standard for cold and hot water indicated in the payment order?

According to current legislation, each person is allocated the amount that he is recommended to consume. This does not mean that no more use is allowed. Simply, if you exceed the volume, you will have to pay an increased rate.

You should check the value on the IPU, compare it with the previous one recorded and find out the cubic meters consumed. The quantity is multiplied by the price per unit and paid. Anything that exceeds the standard is calculated at a higher cost.

In the same way, they approach water consumption in houses where there are no meters for technical or other reasons. There the number of residents is simply multiplied by the norm. The resulting number is the amount that needs to be transferred to the supplier. There are two disadvantages of not having a counter:

• you will have to pay even if the water was not used at all;
• The standard is unreasonably high; people rarely spend that much in real life.

Also, bills for an apartment building must take into account the costs of maintaining common household facilities - washing entrances, watering, and more. Sometimes illegal connections, leaks and breakthroughs are included here. You can argue with these indicators if you contact the management company with a group of residents.

Meters are not a panacea

After last winter, there were many questions - why, even in extremely warm weather, should residents pay for heating according to standards designed for cold winters? Can residents demand changes to standards, citing the fact that the climate has become warmer?

Alexey Matyukhin: Standards are the full competence of the government authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The FAS or other federal body cannot prescribe anything. There is a government decree establishing standards. If I’m not mistaken, the standards are revised at least once every three years, or if there are any targeted changes in the company or in other matters.

Svetlana Razvorotneva: Changing standards does not always lead to the results that the population hopes for. The topic of changing heating standards was actively discussed throughout the past year. The Ministry of Construction adopted the calculation methodology. It turned out that old, dilapidated, low-rise buildings, which actually consume a lot of heat, should receive a very high standard. The adoption of such standards had to be postponed until January 2022.

The standard is always the same, no matter what the weather is like outside. He is always unfair. Metering devices are also not a panacea. Because often, for political reasons, we set standards lower than actual consumption. And when people install a meter and see that they are consuming more, this device instantly “fails.”

However, the device must be installed. And most importantly, you need equipment that will regulate the flow of heat into the house. We had many requests at the beginning of the year related to recalculations for heat. People rightly talk about a warm winter. But the management company is not working! There is a temperature graph - how much heat should be supplied if the air temperature is within such and such limits. If the management company does not monitor this and does not file complaints in a timely manner, then the suppliers “wash their hands”: “This amount of heat was due to the need to ensure standard consumption in a particular apartment.” If a person who has overheating does not draw up reports stating that his temperature in the apartment is above 24 degrees, then it is impossible to prove anything.

If payments are artificially reduced, enterprises will not have funds for repairs and preparation for winter. Photo: Alexander Korolkov

What does a receipt for payment for heating housing and communal services look like: decoding of bills in the notice

It is compiled according to the same principles as a receipt for other types of resources. Sometimes it is simply included as a line in the general payment document.

The gas bill may arrive separately, with a large logo of the organization. There are details, a unique code for quick payment through the scanner, and the accrued amount.

What is ICU in housing and communal services, how does it differ from housing and communal services

This refers to the provider of services: the supplying, management company. Housing and communal services are what you can use at home: electricity, water, and other benefits. Therefore, ICU and housing and communal services are different indicators.

Who generates payments?

Some of them are created and sent to homeowners by the management company. Usually they calculate the debts of the population for:

• water supply;
• major repairs;
• apartment.

In some regions, management companies send receipts for gas and electricity supply, but more often this is done directly by the suppliers themselves.

What to do if there are errors in the payment

If the consumer entered something incorrectly when filling out the receipt, he can simply carefully cross out the incorrect data and replace it with the correct values ​​on top or on the side.

In cases where incorrect information is printed from the management company or another supply company, you need to contact them. If, in the process of deciphering a receipt for payment of utility services, it becomes clear that the resource supply company has indicated an invoice that is too large or small, or an incorrect name or apartment number, you should find their contacts and contact them. First, you can call the number that is usually listed at the bottom of the page and try to resolve the issue over the phone. If you cannot resolve the issue remotely, you will have to contact the office in person.

What is included in the maintenance of housing in an apartment building?

The main list of services that are included in the maintenance of an apartment building includes:

1. Inspection by specialized services for safety (for example, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations).
2. Lighting of common areas. Despite the inclusion of this service in the list, residents often change light bulbs themselves. However, to eliminate this shortcoming in the work of the HOA, it is enough to file a complaint.
3. Cleaning the local area and common areas.
4. Timely waste disposal.
5. Carrying out repair work.

This is important to know: Claim for recalculation of heating fees

This list is basic. However, often even this minimum set of services is not provided to the owners. If any mandatory work is not being carried out in your house, and the receipt consistently indicates payment for housing maintenance, this is a reason to contact the HOA or management company with a complaint.

In addition to the above services, this payment item may also include other work. As a rule, a complete list is established at a general meeting of owners of an apartment building, which is held by the management company or HOA.

This issue must be brought up for discussion and agreed upon. For example, residents can refuse to clean common areas and do it themselves by setting a specific schedule.

If there was no general meeting on this issue, then, accordingly, the list of services is not specified. In such a situation, the management company or homeowners association arbitrarily determines what the tariff will be and what will be included there. However, in fact, residents will not know what exactly they are paying for, and therefore proper services are often not provided. This happens everywhere.

What to do if there was no meeting? Become the initiator of its organization. A representative of the management company will be present at the meeting.

Let's figure out what else may be included in the payment for housing maintenance.

Is the intercom fee included?

This issue is highly controversial. Of course, interested parties, that is, residents, must pay for the installation, maintenance and repair of the intercom. But there can be two options:

1. The intercom was installed by government agencies. This doesn't happen often. If the equipment was installed at the initiative of the residents at a meeting by management staff, then maintenance of the intercom will be included in the maintenance payment.
2. The intercom was installed by the apartment owners. If residents independently raised funds for the installation of equipment and periodically collect additional money for its maintenance, then the intercom should not be included in the housing maintenance tariff.

As a rule, despite the non-involvement of the management company in the installation of an intercom, this article is often included in the payment for the maintenance of an apartment building. This happens due to the dishonesty of employees. Unfortunately, the inspection authorities do not understand at whose expense it was installed, and the residents themselves do not notice the difference - after all, paying for an intercom is not significant for the majority.

Is solid waste removal included?

With municipal solid waste there can be one of three situations:

1. Solid waste and other garbage are removed, but the owners do not pay specifically for this service. In fact, this is how it should be - removal of solid waste and garbage is included in the contents and does not appear as a separate column in the receipt.
2. Residents refuse to take out their garbage themselves. There must be grounds for such a decision to be made at a general meeting. For example, owners can calculate the costs and hire a private company to provide the service.
3. Solid waste and other garbage are removed, but residents pay for this separately. This is a gross violation.

If you notice that garbage removal is indicated in a separate column on the receipt, you must file a collective complaint. At first glance, the amount for providing this service is insignificant, but over time, very significant costs accumulate.

How to understand housing and communal services rent receipts and reduce the cost: explanation

In some cases, you can reduce the amount payable. This is possible if:

• services are provided with poor quality;
• metering devices are not maintained as specified in the contract;
• the price is illegally inflated;
• the amount for which payment must be made exceeds 20% of the family’s total earnings.

Only in these situations can you count on the management company to meet you halfway and reduce the payment. The homeowner must make a written request. Help is of a declarative nature.

We studied how to understand and correctly read a bill for utility services, housing and communal services, analyzed the breakdown of payments, took into account all the nuances and unusual abbreviations. The most important thing is to ensure that the data is correct. It is important to check all fields, enter the values ​​of consumed resources correctly and calculate the amount to be paid. Then there will be no difficulties with monthly payments.

Automated information measuring system

The apartment building has ODPU installed, but there is also an automated information measuring system. The calculation of fees for a utility resource for the maintenance of common property will be made according to the readings of this system, provided that it has the ability to take readings at once.

The concept of “simultaneous taking of testimony” is not enshrined in law. It is believed that if the system allows you to take readings from all metering devices within an hour, then this can be considered a one-time reading.

The volume of communal resources for such a house is what the automated system showed, multiplied by the quotient of the total area of ​​a particular room and the total area of ​​​​all rooms in an apartment building.

How to apply standards for the consumption of utility resources on one-way street