How to adopt a child from an orphanage: documents, order (2021)

The Russian Federation is a legal state where all legal relations between residents are regulated by current legislation. The provisions regarding parental rights, as well as the procedure for accepting other strangers into the family, are strictly established here.

Often young families come to the conclusion that they cannot have their own children, which is why they plan to resort to going to an orphanage and adopting the child into a family. In this case, it is necessary to consider in detail how to adopt a child (orphan) from an orphanage.

Who can become an adoptive parent?

There is an opinion that only a married couple who is officially married can adopt a child. This is wrong.

In accordance with Article 127 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, adult persons of both sexes can be adoptive parents .

Thus, any adult citizen, healthy, provided with housing and funds, has the right to claim the title of parent.

Categories of citizens who are not given the right to adoption

recognized by a court decision as incompetent or partially capable , or families in which one of the couple is partially or completely incompetent;
citizens who have an age gap with a future pupil under 16 years of age;
persons previously convicted of serious crimes committed intentionally;
those who were already an adoptive parent or guardian and were removed for failure to fulfill their duties;
people who were previously deprived of parental rights in whole or in part;
persons who are unable to provide a living standard for their child ;
without permanent home;
people whose health condition does not allow them to bear the burden of parenthood;
those whose home does not meet the sanitary standards established at the time.

These are the restrictions regarding the identity of the potential parent. Also, not only living conditions will be checked, but also personal qualities based on characteristics from places of work and residence .

Guest mode

Not all couples have the opportunity to adopt or foster a child. Then, in some cases, they are allowed to take the child away for a while.

Guest mode is also used to get to know the child the family wants to adopt more closely.

This arrangement is even easier and faster, but guest mode is not recommended for children under adolescence. Upon returning to the orphanage, young children perceive it as if they are being abandoned again.

Having been a “guest” once, children and even teenagers then wait for weeks and hope that they will come back for them. “Guest mode” is not only an opportunity to temporarily live in a normal family, but also an emotional burden on the child.

Young children become attached very quickly. And if they are constantly returned and “tied” again, they will forget how to trust.

A child will not be transferred to a family if:

this will be contrary to the child’s wishes, create a threat to his life, health, and violate his rights and interests;
It turns out that the child’s parent, deprived of parental rights, lives with the citizen who took the child “on a visit.”

The total period of stay cannot be more than three months. In some cases it is extended to six months.

If the child’s biological parents were unable for some reason to properly fulfill their obligations, this can be done by adoptive parents, guardians or foster parents.

But both candidates for adoptive parents and guardians must understand that a new family member is a responsibility, it is forever . They will have all the same responsibilities as the biological family.

to the article “How to adopt a child from an orphanage?”

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Marta writes:
“Same-sex people over 9 years old cannot share a room unless they are a married couple...” ...two 10-year-old sisters can share a room??? ...if they are not spouses!? ... with children of different sexes everything is clear... disgusting wording
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Anonymous writes:
children live much worse than expected, but they are loved. and then adoption as president
Read also: What to do and where to go if the bailiff is inactive?
you adopt children. complete nonsense. And how can children find a home with such demands?
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Gulya writes:
How complicated everything is in Russia. The requirements are too strict, where can you get such a salary in a small town? That's eco according to compulsory medical insurance, you need enough money, but here it's even worse.
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Tatyana writes:
It's just awful. This is our story. My only son died of cancer. The meaning of life has been lost. We are not old, my husband is 44, I am 38. We have no criminal record, we are not drunks, we are not drug addicts, we are mentally healthy. Housing is owned by a private house. We have a subsidiary farm, greenhouses, 2 cars. In general, we don’t complain about life, the main thing is to have hands and mother earth, and on it you can grow whatever your heart desires and sell. In general, we are hard workers. But there is a huge disadvantage to adopting a child. No official income. The town is small, all the enterprises are collapsed, stopped, where they work, the salary is low, it is unlikely that we will be able to earn 33 thousand a month. We earn much more with our labor. But this is unofficial income and I cannot present it in court for adoption. We could give the child a normal family life with love, affection, and provision. And it’s a joy for us, since we have no one left. So this is our story.
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Anonymous writes:
Poor children, with such demands they cannot find a family. Many people would like to take a child, but they don’t fit the criteria. Nonsense.
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The procedure for adopting a child from an orphanage

The first thing you should do is go to the inspector of the guardianship and adoption authorities at your place of residence .

Here you will receive answers to questions about deadlines and documents that need to be prepared.

It should be borne in mind that the papers are prepared in two copies at once - for the department of guardianship and trusteeship (hereinafter referred to as the DCC) and for the court .

Of course, you will need to write an application to the POO department with a request to issue a conclusion that the applicant has no obstacles and is suitable for the role of an adoptive parent . The list of required papers is specified in each specific case by a PLO employee.

All documents collected for adoption are valid for 1 year, except for the medical examination, which is valid for only 3 months.

When all the application papers have been accepted for consideration and preparation of a response, those eager to taste parental happiness will receive the result within 15 to 30 days.

This time is needed to verify the information provided to the OOP, about the condition of the housing, about the identities of the potential father and mother or one of them.

The response from the guardianship department may contain a refusal or a conclusion with a positive result will be issued.

If you want to adopt a child, then you need to submit this application to the guardianship authorities: .

Requirements for a guardian

Each guardian must meet the requirements specified by the guardianship council and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

According to the law, to become a guardian for a child from an orphanage, a person must be:

capable and of full age;
healthy and not have any mental or other illnesses that could serve as a barrier to communication with children.
have not previously been convicted under articles involving a threat to human health and life;
is provided with an income that allows him to support the ward together with himself (or his family);
provided with housing, with everything necessary for the normal functioning of the person under his care;
no more than 60 years of age.

Attention! A single woman can also receive guardianship if all conditions are met.

In addition, in order to obtain guardianship, you need to obtain permission from other family members (if any).

Searching for a child using the database: where to get information about children in need of a family

Data on children in need of a family is available in the regional database or in the public educational institution at the location of the specifically selected orphanage.

Based on the issued conclusion, future adoptive parents will be given access to a database with photographs , where they can select one or more applicants from among the children with whom they can meet and communicate, and try to find common ground.

The database will contain information about the presence of relatives and the baby’s relationship with them . There will also be marks indicating whether someone has chosen this child and is handling the registration. All questions can be clarified with a PLO employee.

A candidate parent will be able to meet with only one of the children; a meeting with several children at the same time is undesirable and therefore impossible. It happens that contact is immediately established and the issue of choice is practically resolved, but many want to see everyone they have their eye on, and only then make the final choice.

If the applicant for the role of adoptive parent does not appear at the appointed time for a meeting with the baby twice, he is removed from the selection process as an unreliable and irresponsible person, unless there are objective reasons that prevented him from coming to the meeting.

After receiving permission for adoption from guardianship and trusteeship, three months are given to choose the baby.

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What documents are needed to take a baby?

Once the choice is made, you can go to court with a statement containing a request to issue an adoption decision. Representation of guardianship and trusteeship in court proceedings is mandatory .

Here is a list of documents without which the process is not possible:

certificate from the place of employment (about the position in which the future parent is registered and income);
results of a medical examination regarding the general condition of the body;
document on no criminal record;
confirmation from the sanitary service that the child can live in accordance with sanitary standards in a living space belonging to the future parent;
documents evidencing ownership of housing;
in case of adoption by one of the couple, written consent of the other;
when adopted by a family - a copy of the marriage certificate ;
characteristics from the place of work;
a copy of the personal account on the status of payment for utility services (issued by the settlement center or housing department);
autobiography , handwritten or typed;
passport as an identity document, and its copy.

Now you need to attach the consent of the management of the child care institution to the already collected package of papers.

If the child is over 10 years old, then when conducting the adoption process the court must take into account his wishes.

If the outcome of the court is positive, you need to wait until the decision comes into legal force, and you can take the child home, and then correct the documents at the registry office.

Court decisions

Termination of an equity participation agreement with the developer and recovery of more than 5 million for an apartment worth 1.6 million

Collection of a fine from a counterparty

The statute of limitations saved the car service from millions of losses

The case of an overdue loan: how to reduce penalties

The apartment plan does not correspond to the contract

What are the consequences of paying a small fine for an administrative offense?

Will there be payments to parents?

From the moment of the court decision and making the necessary adjustments to the passports of the adoptive parents, and receiving the child’s birth certificate with a new surname, new parents have the right to receive appropriate payments .

By the way, if the child’s last name remains the same as in the orphanage, payments must be made. The main condition is that the court establishes the adoption.

Since an adopted baby is considered by law to be a blood child, the state is obliged to transfer all payments due to the parents for the child.

Main difficulties

The most common difficulty that adoptive parents have to face is the lack of consent of the biological parents to the adoption. In accordance with Art. 129 of the RF IC, it must be drawn up in writing and certified by a notary, but they can revoke it at any time.

Consent is not required if the parents have been deprived of rights to the child, declared incompetent or missing, or do not take part in his life and have not been in contact without good reason for more than six months.

Adoption of a child by a single woman

An unmarried woman also has the right to become a mother to a child in an orphanage.

A single mother should understand that she will receive closer attention from the PLO on the following points:

provision of material resources;
are there helpers in raising a child if the mother works;
who will provide insurance in case of force majeure (illness, need to leave for a while, etc.);
with a possible change in the status of a single mother ( if the mother gets married ), what can await the baby.

It is worth remembering that there will be frequent and comprehensive checks of the OOP and other bodies, so a single woman should have courage and patience if she decides to take on the burden of motherhood.

There is no need to think that the attitude towards single mothers is biased, no - guardianship and trusteeship workers constantly monitor that the baby is provided not only with care and love, but also with the necessary material wealth .

Who can be adopted

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, an orphan from 0 to 18 years old can be adopted or adopted.

A child can be adopted:

From the previous marriage of the spouse. If there is a desire to take on all the rights and responsibilities of a full-fledged parent. But care should be taken to obtain consent from the biological father.
From the baby's home. Baby aged 0-3 years.
From an orphanage, aged 3-18 years.
Newborn. The procedure for adopting a child from a maternity hospital is actually no different from adopting a child from an orphanage or baby home.