Is it possible to file a claim in court in another city?

What is the cost?

In the modern world, cost is a fundamental economic category, into which many experts attach different meanings. At the same time, their content is not distorted; there are only certain additions that indicate its functions in the modern market.

Cost is not a price; these two categories cannot be equated to each other, since they have absolutely different content. So, it should be understood that cost ≠ price. This is most important for understanding value as an economic indicator of the modern market.

Cost is the foundation of quantitative relationships when buying and selling objects between certain entities. When considering this definition, it is clear that cost is a certain basis for the relationships that arise when performing transactions with goods and services. The subjects in this case are the participants in the legal relations of purchase and sale, that is, they are understood as the seller and buyer of a certain product. The object can be a product or a service that is provided for a certain equivalent. As a rule, the equivalent is financial resources, that is, the company sells a certain product or service on the market, in return for which it receives income in the form of money. The opposite entity, which is the buyer, purchases a product or service for an agreed upon financial amount.

Thus, cost is a necessary indicator in carrying out financial transactions in the framework of the purchase and sale of certain goods.

It is important that the price on the market always varies depending on the economic situation. At the moment, economic theory has fully studied this economic category.

When studying value as an economic concept, it is necessary to take into account that value has significant differences from price. At the same time, in colloquial speech the population often confuses these two concepts, without having a full understanding of them.

What is the difference between cost and price?

Almost the entire modern population in everyday life equates such two concepts of economics as value and price, without realizing their significant differences.

At the moment, there are many works by economics professors that clearly demonstrate the difference between these economic categories, which should be understood in order to fully work in the market. This knowledge can be useful to researchers, students, novice scientists, as well as people who plan to carry out their activities in the market. Special attention should be paid to these two economic categories of businessmen and entrepreneurs who already have or are just building their own business within the market. Specialists who decide to engage in trading on certain types of exchanges are also required to have the relevant knowledge.

Let's begin our consideration of these two economic categories with their definitions.

Price is a certain amount of financial resources that was set by the seller for one piece of goods. The price reflects a certain amount of money for which the seller is willing to sell his product to the public. Since the relationship between price and product always occurs individually, the price is set per item. Accordingly, the price is an indicator that is equated to a product or service in one copy.

Cost is the largest economic indicator, which consists of several criteria. So, the cost is a certain total amount of financial resources that was spent on the import of resources and the subsequent production of goods. It is worth noting that this definition is only applicable if a tangible product is considered. If the cost of a certain service is considered, its definition changes significantly. Thus, the cost of a certain service will be the number of hours that must be multiplied by the salary for 1 hour of work of the employee providing this service. Moreover, if the service requires some expenses, then this indicator is added to the price of all consumables that were spent in the process of providing the service.

The main difference that must be understood in order to smoothly distinguish between value and price is their different expression. Value and price are expressed in economics in completely different units.

The price is always expressed in some equivalent, that is, in a certain amount of financial resources within a particular currency. Without fail, the price is measured only in money. With cost, everything is much more complicated, since it is expressed in physical units, which, of course, can later be converted into financial assets in a certain currency. It turns out that value can also be expressed in money, but indirectly. It is directly expressed exclusively in physical units.

Thus, it is already clear from the definition that value is a more extensive and fundamental economic category, since it includes a number of characteristics that can change significantly due to some economic factors.

Exceptions

Often mothers who have decided to move away from their spouse with a child under three years of age are interested in whether it is possible to dissolve a marriage in another city by submitting an application at their new place of registration.
Yes it is possible. According to the law, a mother with whom a child under three years of age is registered can file a claim for divorce at her own discretion in the court located at the place of her registration, or at the place of residence of the defendant. Lawyers also receive questions from spouses about how to file a divorce in another city if the place of registration and actual residence do not match. The application is submitted to the authority located at the place of actual residence.

Example of cost and price?

To fully understand the difference between cost and price, and also to see how the economic indicators of these large categories can vary depending on the attitude towards the product and service, it is necessary to consider the following examples:

1. Example of price and cost for a product. In store X you can buy a package of salt for 30 rubles, but in store Y across the road a package of salt from the same company costs 15 rubles. The salt manufacturer independently purchased resources, brought them to the enterprise, where the salt was produced by machines and specialists, and then unpacked into packages. After completing all the operations, he calculated the cost of the goods, which is equal to 10 rubles. On top he added 2 rubles, which is a certain percentage markup on the product, in order to get the greatest benefit during the wholesale purchase process. Thus, at this stage, salt costs 12 rubles. Next, the goods were delivered to the store for sale, the owners of which independently decide the percentage of the retail markup for the most profitable sale of the goods among the population. Thus, the owner of store Y added 3 rubles to the manufacturer’s price, after which he began to sell the product to the population at a price of 15 rubles. For the same salt, store owner X added 18 rubles of his own markup.
2. Example of price and cost for a service. The price for eyebrow architecture service is 1000 rubles. Moreover, the cost of this service includes materials that are consumed in the process of the master’s work. They cost 600 rubles. To this amount is added the payment for the work of the master, who spends about 1 hour on the entire procedure. It turns out that an hour of work by a master costs 400 rubles. If the master works in a salon and not independently, then payment for services is formed within the framework of the requirements of this salon. That is, the salon owner has the right to create his own markup on services so that a percentage of the masters’ profits goes to the organization.

Thus, using standard everyday examples that are known to absolutely every modern person of different ages, we showed what the difference between cost and price is. We saw that these two economic categories can be called part of one whole mechanism. However, they cannot be equated to each other, which is why researchers in the field of economics are still of the opinion that it is necessary to distinguish between them. At the same time, you should never forget that cost and price are inextricably linked with each other.

This knowledge will help citizens improve their financial literacy and gain new knowledge, which they may later have to put into practice. Knowledge about value and price is now being developed in school, as there is a trend around the world to increase financial literacy among the entire population.

How to file for divorce with mutual consent of the spouses and their residence in another city

The easiest way to end an official marriage is at the registry office at the place of residence of one of the spouses in another city, when both husband and wife agree to divorce and both of them live in this city. An important condition is the absence of common minors and unresolved conflicts. If spouses wish not only to dissolve the marriage, but also to divide jointly acquired property, then they will have to apply to the magistrates or district court. To simplify the procedure, even with undivided property, you can file for divorce at the registry office, and divide the assets in a separate court proceeding before or after the divorce.

Purchase and acquisition value?

The term purchase or acquisition cost is very important for the work of accountants who control the supply of necessary goods and resources for their production.

So, the purchase price is the cost of selling certain products without taking into account value added tax, which is mandatory when selling a product on the market. If there are necessary expenses for transport organizations that deliver certain purchased products, then expenses for them can be included in the purchase price.

This term has a synonym “discount price”; it is used most often.

The formation and all criteria of the purchase price are determined by the provisions of the following documents:

1. PBU 5/01 “Inventory accounting”.
2. PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets”.

These papers contain regulations by which the purchase price is calculated. Thus, the purchase price of a product may, if necessary, include the following criteria:

1. The price at which the product is purchased.
2. Fees and duties required to be paid when transporting purchased goods from other countries.
3. Taxes associated with the acquisition of an object that will not subsequently be reimbursed. As a rule, this article includes excise taxes and VAT.
4. Expenses on information services related to purchases of the property.
5. Expenses to pay for the services of companies that acted as intermediaries in the process of purchasing a particular product.
6. Expenses on transport services, insurance of necessary goods.
7. Overpayment on loans if they were taken out to purchase an object.
8. Expenses that were spent on bringing the object to the required condition for subsequent sale on the market.
9. Transportation costs, which include loading, weighing and storage of purchased items.
10. Other expenses that are necessary for the delivery and purchase of the object.

It is worth noting that the purchase price is not adjusted. As a rule, adjustments can only occur in cases where this is regulated by regulations.

Documentation

It doesn’t matter whether the divorce takes place in another city through the registry office or through the court, the collection of documents must be taken seriously. If you have doubts about drawing up a petition or have questions about collecting certificates, checks, contracts and other papers, it is better to contact a family law lawyer.

What documents are needed for divorce at the registry office?

The fewest documents need to be submitted to the registry office when a couple files for divorce, even if the husband is registered in another city. The main thing is that they do this by mutual desire and do not have children under the age of 18 together. Also, a divorce case should not involve resolving the issue of division of property.

Formula for calculating prices in the state?

Cost is the largest economic indicator, which consists of several criteria. Thus, cost is a certain total amount of financial resources that was spent on the import of resources and the subsequent production of goods. It is worth noting that this definition is only applicable if a tangible product is considered. If the cost of a certain service is considered, its definition changes significantly. Thus, the cost of a certain service will be the number of hours that must be multiplied by the salary for 1 hour of work of the employee providing this service. Moreover, if the service requires some expenses, then the price of all consumables that were spent in the process of providing the service is added to this indicator.

As a rule, the state has its own pricing method, which helps it achieve full balance in the economy, when all prices are approximately correlated with each other according to certain criteria.

Within the market, it is imperative to determine the cost of a particular product, since the law does not regulate it at the required level. The efficiency of selling goods and services on the market among the population significantly depends on this, which directly affects the economic efficiency of the company that produces and subsequently offers products.

Each state has several methods that help it regulate prices in some way so that a continuous balance of supply and demand is maintained, necessary to advance the economic situation and maintain competitiveness in the market.

Cost is one of the most important economic categories that requires a lot of time and attention. That is why the methods that are created to form the cost of goods and services are selected the most effective, since demand, and therefore the subsequent sale of the product, depends on this.

The cost is necessary in order to make this or that object, which is produced for sale, competitive in the market among other similar organizations dealing with any related products. Cost also helps to correctly calculate sales turnover and predict in advance the profit that can be received during the competent sale of goods.

Moreover, the cost of goods significantly affects the company's reputation in the market. Thus, correctly selected pricing methods guarantee the company competitiveness and stability in the market, which absolutely every entrepreneur strives for.

There are several factors that can significantly influence the final cost of the product:

1. The audience among whom a particular product is sold.
2. The number of competitors that sell the same or related products.
3. The percentage of taxation that is set by the regions and the state.

Pricing methods have their own goals:

1. Full coverage of the cost of the necessary materials and resources that were spent on the production and subsequent sale of the product on the market.
2. Maintaining a constant level of profit that will meet the company's requirements.
3. Attracting a new target audience who wants to periodically purchase certain products from the company.
4. Maintaining the stability of the company in the market.
5. Maintaining competitiveness among other organizations selling their goods and services.

Pricing has its own mechanism, the formation of which takes quite a long time. There are several stages of pricing:

1. Setting company objectives. At the first stage, it is always necessary to highlight those tasks that must be completed to establish a stable level of the company in the market.
2. Collection of information about the demand for a product or service that will be provided by the company. At the second stage, it is worth determining the category to which the product sold by the organization belongs. Next, it will be necessary to identify interests among the target audience that the manufacturer is counting on. Special attention should be paid to those companies that consumers previously preferred. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the changing needs of the population, as well as interests, which may depend on both internal and external factors.
3. Analysis of the financial costs that will be used to cover delivery, purchase of resources and subsequent production of the necessary goods. It is necessary to think in advance about all possible items that will have to be spent on during the production process. It is necessary to determine the minimum level that will periodically be spent to cover these expenses.

Pricing methods together represent a single mechanism in which each criterion is important. Before opening an enterprise and producing a product, it is necessary to decide in advance on the direction and product, as well as calculate all possible steps and pay attention to mistakes that competing companies might have made.

You should collect in advance the necessary data about competitors who have a stable level of earnings in the market and are in great demand among the audience.

Great attention should be paid to the location of the outlet in the market. As a rule, it should be located in a crowded place where there will be the greatest demand for a particular product.

For modern entrepreneurs, life has been simplified by special electronic services that make it possible to analyze and monitor the indicators necessary for the company. With the help of such programs, you can intelligently create a pricing mechanism that will be most suitable for the organization.

As a rule, absolutely every company has its own mechanisms; they may differ in some criteria, but in most cases they remain standard for all.

FSSP measures for debt collection

The place and time of execution of enforcement actions are determined in the resolution, the official notifies the debtor of the beginning of the compulsory process. Within the framework of asset recovery, the bailiff has the following powers:

• Call the defendant at the time prescribed by law.
• Make visits to the address where the property is located, except weekends and holidays, enter an apartment, house, office without permission.
• In the presence of two adult witnesses, conduct an inventory of property, followed by arrest and seizure.
• Sell ​​received assets at auction.
• Call the employer if the debtor has official employment and order automatic debiting of wages from a bank card.
• Set the debiting of funds upon receipt to accounts by prior agreement with banks.
• Make decisions on banning travel to foreign countries and crossing foreign borders.
• Seizure of the car, ban on using the vehicle.

You need to know: How bailiffs search for debtors

Measures are taken territorially, at the location of the assets, to ensure the repayment of obligations to another person or state.

Executors exercise their powers in the presence of such outstanding obligations as:

• Alimony for a common minor child, disabled spouse or parent.
• Communal payments.
• Traffic accident fines, tax penalties.
• Debts to banks and microfinance organizations.
• Obligations under contracts.

Hotline for citizen consultations: 8-804-333-70-30

Rising prices for goods and services: what is inflation?

The economic situation of the world periodically goes through several stages of its own cycle. Each of them has its own criteria and characteristics relating to the market.

At the moment, we notice an increase in prices for goods and services without an improvement in their quality. This situation in the world in modern economics is called inflation.

Statistics show that for 2021, on a scale from 0 to 25, the Russian economy had an average level of inflation, namely, it had indicators from 4 to 7 points.

So, inflation is the depreciation of financial assets, manifested in the form of an increase in prices for goods and services, without an increase in their quality. At the moment, inflation has affected almost all countries of the world. Every year the inflation rate increases. So, as an example, we can cite the period of the existence of the USSR, when for the price of a modern smartphone or laptop you could buy a car or housing. Thus, inflation is different in that the same amount of financial resources after a certain period of time can purchase much fewer goods and services than before. It is this situation that will reflect the process of a significant decrease in purchasing power, that is, the depreciation of financial assets in the world. Depreciation of financial assets refers to the loss of money of a certain part of its real value.

Due to the fact that at the moment in Russia the form of the economy is market, inflation is expressed openly, that is, there is a significant increase in prices for objects. In other forms of the economy, when the state directly intervenes in it, the depreciation of financial assets may be suppressed, that is, prices may remain at the same level, but a shortage of goods appears. This situation was also known in the USSR.

It is worth noting that inflation is a rather long-term process, which is particularly stable and sustainable. That is why it should not be confused with a one-time price increase, which most often occurs due to certain political situations or changes in the financial system.

Despite the fact that inflation is a global and stable process, prices will not increase for all goods. The cost of certain objects may even decrease or remain at the same level. As a rule, it depends on the needs and interests of the population in this product.

Do not forget that in the economy there is also a phenomenon in which the prices of goods decrease - deflation. In most cases, deflation directly depends on the season, when the needs and interests of the population among whom the objects of sale are sold change. As a rule, this process does not last a long period of time.

How much does it cost to buy an apartment?

Due to the fact that the world is currently experiencing an active process of inflation, there is a significant increase in prices for all objects that are in maximum demand among the population. In this case, apartments are no exception. Absolutely every person needs to have their own home, which is why he will strive for the most profitable purchase of an apartment.

Buying real estate is a very profitable investment, but expensive because it will be necessary to spend a decent amount of financial resources, which not every citizen has.

Statistics show that over the past year the cost of an apartment in a newly built building has almost equaled the cost of secondary housing. So, prices for a one-room apartment in a new building in Moscow vary significantly: from 5,157,140 rubles to 22,584,800 rubles per apartment.

Prices for secondary housing range from 5,300,000 to 24,000,000 rubles per apartment.

Almost all statistics that reflect the increase in the cost of an apartment in certain cities can be found freely available on the Internet. Most charts are based on the cost per square meter of real estate.

The graphs show minor jumps in changes in home sales prices, but mostly price increases dominate.

Every year, real estate prices increase, which is associated with the financial and economic situation both in the country and in the world. That is why it is necessary to purchase an apartment now, if possible, since real estate prices will not fall. Experts say that the forecast will not change in the near future: the cost of real estate will continue to grow monthly.

Due to the fact that the coronavirus pandemic is currently unfolding in the world, in 2020-2021 there was a decrease in the interest rate on loans, which led to a significant increase in the cost of real estate. This is due to the fact that sellers inflate the price of housing because they do not want to lose possible financial resources.

Real estate prices vary depending on various factors that can characterize both our country and the world as a whole:

1. Weakening of the ruble.
2. World pandemic associated with coronavirus.

These two factors increased the price of building materials necessary for the construction of real estate. At the same time, there is a significant shortage of construction specialists, since there are a number of bans on the entry of people from abroad. Anti-Covid measures have forced many developers to suffer significant losses and go into debt due to the constant postponement of the commissioning of real estate. This provoked a rise in prices to cover losses.

There are also other factors that can significantly affect the cost of an apartment:

1. The floor where the apartment is located. As a rule, cheaper but poorly sold apartments are those located on the first and last floors of the house. On the ground floor below the apartment there is a basement, which can cause problems with humidity, odors and insects. At the same time, at the moment, on the first floors, people have to share a common wall with cafes, clubs, and beer bars. You can often hear noise from the intercom door. Residents are not satisfied with the last floor of the house due to roof leaks, which may be associated with precipitation.
2. View from the window. This criterion cannot be changed, which is why it significantly affects the cost. As a rule, houses with windows overlooking attractions and beautiful places have the highest cost of apartments.
3. Location of the apartment in the house. If the apartment's windows face south, it will be sunny and retain heat. Such an apartment will be much more expensive than one whose windows face north, since it will be colder, despite the heating.
4. Condition of electrical wiring and plumbing. If the house has recently been renovated, the apartments in it will cost much more. If the apartment is equipped with the necessary meters, then its prices increase.
5. Condition of housing. These criteria include various features relating to the location of the apartment, furniture, plumbing, electrical wiring, and the presence of everything necessary for housing.
6. Layout and possibility of redevelopment. Of course, an apartment with the most successful layout will cost much more than the one in which redevelopment is necessary for a comfortable and adequate life. As a rule, in the latter case, sellers can make a good discount on the apartment.
7. Infrastructure condition. Real estate next to which there are all the necessary facilities for life, that is, a shopping center, shops, metro stations, public transport stops, schools, kindergartens, fitness centers, will cost much more. This criterion also evaluates the congestion of the area where the house is located. It is necessary to assess the condition of the roads, whether traffic jams often form there, making travel difficult. Adequate infrastructure is one where the necessary facilities are located near the house and can be reached on foot in about 10-15 minutes. The undeveloped infrastructure of the area is a reason for discounts on apartments.
8. Public facilities that are located near the house. The basis of this criterion is the environment and extraneous noise. As a rule, industries, airports and railway tracks, which may be located near the house, can disturb the environment and create constant or periodic noise.
9. Legal nuances. The price of an apartment may be significantly reduced due to the clarification of some legal nuances that may complicate the procedure for buying and selling real estate. These nuances include the presence of owners who are under 18 years of age at the time of sale, since in this case the purchase procedure will be delayed. Guardianship authorities will participate in the transaction. A lengthy purchase procedure can also be caused by a counter-purchase of real estate, when the seller can register the real estate in exchange for a sale.

Prices for goods in M.Video?

M.Video is currently one of the large companies that sells equipment to the population.

M.Video is a public joint stock company, a federal trading network that sells electronics and technical devices.

The organization has enormous performance. Thus, statistics for 2020 show that this company was the leader in the Russian Federation in terms of the volume of goods sold via the Internet.

The company has been on the market since 1993. Since then, it has received enormous development and expanded to the federal level.

Prices for equipment in these stores are standard and quite affordable for the average citizen of Russia. The organization sells to the population a lot of household appliances that every person needs.

Prices in stores are practically no different from prices for equipment in other retail outlets in Russia. Almost constantly, the company pleases its customers with large discounts on household appliances, which can actually be purchased at a reduced cost, unlike products from their competitors. Moreover, stores provide a profitable bonus program, according to which regular customers receive double discounts, which make it possible to significantly save money.

How much do medications cost at Apteka.ru?

Apteka.ru is currently the most popular pharmaceutical company that sells pharmacy products to the population. Its main advantage is that in this pharmacy the order is made remotely via the Internet. You can purchase the necessary medications either through the official website apteka.ru or by installing the application on your smartphone.

It is worth noting that the prices on this platform are a little high, which is most likely due to the costs of subsequent delivery of products to the nearest pharmacy, where it will be more convenient for a person to pick up his order. The same drugs and products can be bought a little cheaper in regular pharmacies. But, it is worth noting that on this platform there is a huge selection of necessary drugs and pharmaceutical cosmetics. As a rule, a standard pharmacy cannot provide such a selection of analogue drugs, since it is not profitable for it to spend money on transporting the drugs. When choosing analog products on apteka.ru, you can significantly save money, which is undoubtedly a huge plus for every person.

How does Apple set prices for iPhones?

Apple has its own strategy for setting product prices. Thus, the following factors influence the price of a smartphone:

1. Smartphone production. These criteria include the costs of components and labor.
2. Company profit. This criterion includes expenses for the development of a new smartphone and software installation.
3. Packaging and subsequent delivery of smartphones. For example, if a person ordered delivery of a smartphone from China, then it will cost him a little less than buying the same smartphone in an official store in Russia. In the latter case, the organization spends a lot of money on transporting products.
4. Advertising. Apple spends huge amounts of money on its advertising strategy, which is reflected in the cost of the smartphone.
5. Markups and value added tax.

Thus, these criteria significantly influence the price that is finally set for Apple smartphones. The rise in prices for smartphones is due to the fact that every year the cost of the above indicators increases, which leads to an increase in product prices.

Intentional absence of a spouse at a court hearing

In some situations, it is not difficult for a person who wants to dissolve a family relationship to travel to a neighboring city to file an application for divorce.

Often the desire of one spouse does not coincide with the opinion of the other. This also applies to divorce in another city. If one party to a family conflict flatly refuses to divorce, then this is only a temporary phenomenon. The deliberate absence of one of the spouses at a court hearing can be called both an effective position from the point of view of preserving the family and an ineffective one. What does this mean:

1. Productivity
   . The spouse's protest against the divorce will give the judge a reason to assign the spouses a period of up to three months for reconciliation. Divorce, if the spouse is in another city, in this case will be burdened by the need to attend court hearings up to 3 times. During the period given for reconciliation, spouses living in different places will have the opportunity to find the strength to understand the cause of the conflict and save the family. If this happens, the spouses will remain married, all claims will be canceled, but the state fee paid by the defendant will not be returned.
2. Inefficiency
   . If reconciliation does not occur, and the defendant persistently ignores court hearings, then the court will still divorce the couple.