Is it possible for an unmarried woman to adopt a child in Russia?

If you live alone and have decided to adopt a child, you have probably asked yourself the question “can a single woman adopt a child?” How to adopt a child without a husband, what documents are needed, the rights and responsibilities of the adopter. We will discuss these and other issues related to the adoption of a child by an unmarried woman in this article.

Reasons why single women want to adopt a child

Nowadays, it is very common to meet single mothers or women who are married, but not living with their husbands, who decide to take an adopted child into the family. Let's look at the reasons why people decide to take this step, understanding their responsibilities to their adopted child and the difficulties.

If a woman cannot give birth for medical reasons, but wants a baby.
There is no official marriage.
Because of her age, a woman can no longer give birth; most often she has already raised children, but wants more.
There are 30% fewer men in Russia, so perhaps the woman simply couldn’t find a husband or a father for her baby.

Is it possible for a single mother to raise another child?

If a woman lives without a husband (unmarried) and does not have children, but wants to become an adoptive parent (and acquire the status of a single mother), then in this case there will be no special questions from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities for her.

If a woman already has a child and has the status of a single mother, then the chances of adopting a second child are almost zero. Exceptions to this situation may include non-close relatives or family members.

In rare cases, a single mother with a child can be entrusted with a second child. Even a woman’s material security does not play a special role here.

The pre-trial adoption process includes several stages. The main one is the directly made decision on the advisability of adoption. They weigh the pros and cons, based on the interests of the child.

The legislation of the Russian Federation does not prohibit the adoption of children by single mothers, but you should know a number of features in order to seriously prepare for the following points:

availability of own or long-term rented housing (sufficient space);
status of working or unemployed (if a woman does not work, then it should be explained how she is going to earn a living; if she works, then how much time she will allocate to raising children);
who will provide guarantees for the care and supervision of children in force majeure circumstances;
how the arrangement of personal life will affect the interests of the child.

The fact that a woman is raising her first child alone can become a negative fact for adoption.

Who can be an adoptive parent

Persons of both sexes can adopt, regardless of marital status. The main thing is that the person can provide everything the baby needs. Below is a list of persons who do not have the right to adopt a child in the Russian Federation.

The presence of diseases that prevent the adoption of children. For example, tuberculosis, mental disorders, drug addiction, alcoholism, disability and others.
Persons who, by court decision, have already been deprived of parental rights.
Incapacitated citizens or persons with limited legal capacity. For both physical and mental reasons.
There is no constant material income, or income below the subsistence level.
There is no permanent place of residence, that is, the person cannot provide the little person with registration and permanent housing.
Living conditions are not considered satisfactory.
The person has been convicted in the past by a court for an attempt on the life or health of a person.

Thus, it is quite possible for a single woman to register the adoption of a child. But the guardianship authorities study the candidacy of a woman without a husband more carefully. It is important to remember that there are always exceptions.

Requirements for an adoptive parent

A woman without a husband can adopt a child if:

it can provide the necessary standard of living for the baby;
can provide permanent housing;
has an income above the subsistence level;
has a conclusion about her state of health, that is, there are no mental or physical abnormalities that deprive her of legal capacity;
there is no criminal record in the past or present;
has no outstanding debts;
was not deprived of parental rights, or they were not limited;
The adoptive parent is over 18 years old.

From the orphanage

To adopt a child from an orphanage you must:

collect documents (the list of required documents is given below);
take this package to the guardianship authorities;
obtain a conclusion and apply to an orphanage with it;
After meeting a boy or girl, apply for adoption.

From the maternity hospital

To take from the maternity hospital you need:

contact the guardianship authorities to get in line and submit an application;
obtain special permission from the guardianship authorities for a medical examination;
a list of the required package of documents will be issued; it needs to be collected;
after everything is ready, the turn comes, the adoptive parent goes for permission to adopt.

It is important to remember that the process of adopting a baby is not quick.

What does a single woman need to adopt?

A list of the required documents for adoption will be given to you by the guardianship authorities. This list is given below.

The application itself must be in triplicate.
Passport, original.
Birth certificate, original.
A medical report will state that you have no contraindications for adoption, that is, no mental illness. This certificate is valid for three months. The referral is issued by the guardianship authority to which you apply.
A certificate confirming no criminal record.
A certificate of title to property, which will prove that you can provide the adopted person with permanent residence.
An extract from the house register, which will indicate the number of people assigned to the house.
Certificate of income, which will necessarily indicate the position and amount of income.
Autobiography. You write it yourself, indicating the main stages of life, briefly telling about yourself. The guardianship authorities will provide you with a sample.

Difficulties and important details

more attentive attitude on the part of the guardianship authority;
requirements for conditions at a permanent place of residence. A thorough study of the motives for such an act. It is even more difficult for a single man to carry out this activity than for a woman, although no differences are provided by law;
during the preliminary conversation, representatives of the guardianship authority will clarify in great detail a number of important points: what are the reasons and motives for making such a decision; what methods and means of education are planned; what will the child be provided with; what options are provided in the event of force majeure or a deterioration in the situation in life in terms of finances, wealth, health.

A plus for the candidate will be the presence of close relatives.
A plus for the candidate will be the presence of close relatives who support the initiative and are ready to provide comprehensive assistance. Recommendations on the ability to communicate, raise children, and find a common language with them would also be useful. It is imperative to undergo training in the basics of raising and communicating with children, including knowing the features and nuances of interaction with adopted children.

A lot of difficulties can be avoided if an excellent relationship is established with the child, and he himself is eager to become a member of the new mother’s family (if the child is already old enough). The court and other participants in the procedure will take into account this desire.

Registration procedure

The procedure for registration for an unmarried woman is no different from the procedure for registration of adoption for a married couple. If only documents such as a passport, birth certificate, medical reports and others are collected in the singular, that is, only from the mother. But this is even a plus.

After deciding to take the child into the family, you need to submit an application to the guardianship authorities. Before the trip, it is better to prepare, re-read the family code, and mentally prepare for the unfair attitude of the inspector who will handle the adoption case. As mentioned above, the application must be in triplicate. You give the first one to the office of the guardianship authority, the second one you give it to the inspector, and the third one you keep for yourself.
The official will talk with you about the reasons for adoption, responsibilities and rights, and also tell you the main stages of adoption.
Along with the application, you need to bring a list of documents listed above (passport, birth certificate, medical report, certificate confirming no criminal record, extract from the house register, certificate of income, certificate of property rights, short autobiography).
Your application will then be reviewed by a special commission. She will also inspect the future place of residence of the adoptee. For approval, cleanliness and a room for the baby are required.
You should be notified of the results within fifteen days. If the application is not approved, you can appeal the decision within a month. After a positive answer, you are assigned the status of an adoptive parent, and children's profiles are provided. If you want, you can write an application to adopt a specific person.
The last stage is going to court. A special meeting is held, attended by the prosecutor, a representative of the guardianship authorities, the adoptive parent, that is, you. If the guardianship authorities agree, the court may issue a positive answer. Then you are given a court decision, the child is included in the passport, and his birth certificate is issued. If desired, you can change the baby's first name, last name, and date of birth.

Child's choice

After permission is received, you are given questionnaires of children from orphanages at your place of residence. You can submit an application to the regional data bank of children left without parental care. Within ten days, the bank operator provides all the necessary information. After this, you receive permission to meet the baby. This can be done within ten days. It is at the meeting that you decide to take the child or not. You must inform the operator about your decision.

The child's age must be at least 16 years younger than the age of the adoptive parent.

Basic information.

A single mother has the right not only to ask the registry office employee to put a dash in the “Paternity” column.

In addition, according to her application, the executor will have to enter in this column any full name indicated in the application. However, in this case, she must remember the need to obtain a certificate of f. 25.

In such a situation, it is precisely this document that confirms the status and provides the right to subsidies and benefits.

After this, a single mother can claim benefits.

For example, she is entitled to:

increased tax deductions,
enrollment of the child in a preschool institution in the first place,
discount equal to half the cost of ]kindergarten[/anchor],
free distribution of educational materials,
breakfast and lunch at school.

In addition, a single mother has the right to demand benefits from her employer. This:

additional vacation at your own expense,
refusal of business trips,
sick pay in full,
impossibility of dismissal only at the request of the employer,
refusal to work on holidays, night and overtime hours,
if she is laid off, she will receive an increased subsidy or will be transferred to another job. In this case, issues related to the latter fact will have to be resolved by the employer himself.

Reasons for refusal

There are two types of refusal. The first is a refusal to adopt, the second is a refusal to accept an application for adoption.

Let's consider the first case. It's unlikely, but there are always exceptions. I will give several reasons: perhaps the adoptive parent’s financial situation has changed, perhaps the adoptive parent has lost his home, perhaps the adoptive parent has been diagnosed with a serious illness that limits his legal capacity.

If the application itself was not accepted, then it was incorrectly completed.

Payments

A single mother who takes a baby into her family receives maternity capital, provided that there are two or more children. The adoptee has the right to survivor benefits and other pensions that were available before the adoption process. All other benefits are very individual for each region. Generally speaking, the mother is entitled to an allowance of about 8 thousand, which she receives once upon receipt of the child, a monthly allowance that is paid based on the average salary of the adoptive parent for 2 years.

The state can pay 100 thousand rubles if the child is disabled, the child is a blood relative of the adoptive parent, or the child is over seven years old.

Legislative regulation

Adoption issues are regulated by Chapter 19 of the UK. This legislative act establishes categories of citizens who cannot adopt a child (Article 127 of the RF IC)
The adoption procedure is regulated by Article 125 of the RF IC.
The procedure for considering adoption issues in court is regulated by Chapter 29 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
In addition, when making decisions, the courts are guided by Resolution No. 8 of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated April 20, 2006. It is worth noting that single women are not included in this list, so adoption is still possible in this case.

A single woman can adopt a child in Russia. The registration procedure is no different from the usual one. The main thing is to be persistent and show the best qualities of character.

Legislation.

The rules regarding the adoption of a child by a single mother are specified in the following legal acts:

In ch. 19 IC contains all the information concerning the adoption of a child. It also states that he can be raised by one of the parents. In addition, the baby may be left without parents at all.
Federal Law-62 of the end of May 2002 on citizenship in our country.

Note! When it comes to adopting a child from a single mother after marriage , it is better to familiarize yourself with all the nuances of the procedure in advance.